Case Analysis for North American Warehouse Clubs Essay

The competitive environment has changed drastically since the BSG fictitious character was originally written. The United States (US) continues to decline in the market as opposed to several years ago, but due to certain qualities it continues to abide very competitive in the market. One factor which gives the US a competitive edge is innovation. US companies are loftyly sophisticated and innovative. For the purposes of this analysis, the stress get out be on innovation. Modern technology with information systems and applications with declare of the art information and communication technologies are leading factors in the victory of businesses directly. Many untrieder businesses use e-technologies as a tool that not merely improves efficiency, but gives them the competitive edge against those companies which are still running trading operations with outdated technology.Companies who have been around for decades are forced to implement new systems depending on their busine ss needs. Changing technology is an initiative that is generally high cost, taking time to implement. There are numerous options available today that if the implementation of a new system is not strategically intend it could ultimately place a business in a monetary deficit forcing businesses to reduce operations and sometimes shut down. It is important for businesses to sit in research and development (R&D) when deciding to develop new processes to control a competitive edge. Looking at the case, it is apparent that Costco was the leader in modern technology compared to the other 2 competitors.Costco began to grow its business with two websites in 2004 in the US and in Canada. Costcos e-commerce gross sales more than tripled over several years, reaching sales of over $1.2B in 2007. BJs began upgrading technology in 2007 which was fully implemented in 2009. Although net sales increased from $8,792M to $9,802M during the implementation years, net sales have seized to take an telltale(a) incline with the new system. Net sales only increased $152M from 2009 to 2010. The case did not report on any innovations related to technology for surface-to-air missiles Club.Some of the problems Sams Club faces compared to the other competitors plunder be directed at the location of warehouses, their competition with Wal-Mart and their low scale of measurement target market. One way to improve would be to focus on their target market by offering upscale merchandise which depart target upscale clientele. Sams Club could purchase BJs which already sells high quality brand merchandise. Merging with this competitor would constrain the market share even more. Focusing on members through this character reference of merchandising strategy will increase profitability. Another way to improve would be to reduce the amounts of international imports and focus on using American made products. Reducing import/export costs overall will increase revenue growth and financial perf ormance.ReferencesWorld Economic Forum. 2012. The world(a) Competitiveness Report 2012-2013. Geneva World Economic Forum. Available at www3.weforum.org//WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13Wall Street Journal. Sams Club CEO Launches dismantle on Rivals, Updated October 31, 2012, 144 p.m. ET http//online.wsj.com/ oblige/SB10001424052970203335504578089131653808580.html By SHELLY BANJOversion of this article appeared October 31, 2012, on page B7 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the newspaper headline Sams Club CEO Launches Charge on Rivals.http//www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43940823/sams-clubs-risky-move-into-sma

Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing

Recycling Good morning to our beloved teachers, Puan Rusni and my love fellow friends. Standing here today,I would like to deliver a pitch entitled,Recycling. According to the Asian Development Bank,rapid development,rising personal consumption and unprecedented levels of gasconade in Asia where cities will generate on estimated 1. 8 million tonnes of apple sauce per day by 2025. In Malaysia alone,we aver over 15,000 tonnes pf rubbish occasional and it is a matter of time before we run out of lay to dispose them.In dealing with this phenomenon,we shall discuss some of the suggestions that all of us basin adapt through the process of recycle to conserve the environment. One of the shipway to recycle is to sell old newspapers to the junkman who will eventually send them to the recycling centres. By selling the old newspapers,we can earn some supererogatory money at the price of RM0. 03 per kilogramme of old newspapers. Buying recycled paper is alike an a nonher(prenominal) o ption. On the average,about 17 market sized trees are felled to conjure a tonne of paper or one tree is felled to produce 20 reams of A4 size paper.Today,we recognise the limits of resource demand and this is the reason why recycled paper is critical part of our aspiration for a healthy ball-shaped environment. We should also consumption both sides of a sheet of paper because it cultivates the utilisation of not being wasterful while saving our earth from further deterioration. In addition, grouch bottles should be recycled. The energy saved by recycling a glass container can light a 100-watt bulb for up to four hours. Avoiding the use of tractile products is another recommended way to protect our Mother Nature because plastic is non-biodegradable,it may survive as long as 700 years.Apart from that,it is indispensably necessary for us to save water and electricity as much as possible. We view to save electricity because we are running fast out of fossil fuels. The fossil fue ls saved by turning off the water taps while brushing our teeth. By doing this we can save the energy utilise to filter purify and transport the water to the end users. On the other hand,electricity can be saved by switching off the light,television,radio and winnow before leaving any rooms.This is because the primary environmental impact of electricity consumption is the production of greenhouse gases which contri plainlye to global warming. Hence,saving electricity is the chance upon preserve our Mother Nature, Another advice that everyone ought to take head of is not to flummox away leftover rice but instead,make fried rice,tamarind rice,pepper rice and yogurt rice. This is because many poor nations of the Third World countries are suffering from shortfall and malnutrition due to accute shortage of food such as Mozumbigue and Sudun and Myannar.Lastly but not least,we can also use water for processing clothes to wash our parentscars and other non-drinking purpose such as wate ring plants,washing toilets and mapping floors. As a conclusion,our planet is in a bad shape but most people choose to be indifferent to the effects initiated by the goverment to safeguard to dire condition of the environment. Majority of Malaysians choose to ignore the aggregation storm clouds and hope the problem will magically take business organization of itslef.In Klang Valley,for instance,it produces more than 5000 tonnes of rubbish everyday which can cover the whole of Petronas opposite number Towers,one of the tallest buildings in the world,in ten days and this is the reason why we must reduce,reuse and recycle. Whether the planet lives or dies,it depends on us and so,everyone plays a significant role by starting to recycle even from homes because a small change in behaviour has a measurable impact on our Earth. Thank you for lending me your ears. I hope all of you are benefited from my speech today.

Rail Way Ticket Reservation

purpose lie corpses outline and Design (OOSAD) 15. 3. 3 OOA of Railway shred reserve agreement Assume that domain analysis is complete and DAD is ready for reference. The analyst also has a fair knowledge of the system of rules and the system environment. For the sake of convenience and to reduce complexity at this stage in OOA, we be ignoring certain conditions, cons dogts and features that the real system whitethorn crap. For example, we are not considering cancellation of fines as a sine qua non. We assume all passengers irrespective of their type (senior citizen, military personnel, additional category passengers etc. are the homogeneous, and therefore are charged with the same uttermoste. We begin with the statement of requirement of the system. u System Requirement l The passenger has a prior knowledge of the gamelog and ticketing system. The passenger arrives at the railway ticket incompatible and interacts with the homecoming clerk first by dint of an doubtfulness and then follows the address of arrive at filling, tendering, allowance and collecting the tickets. l rider accepts the ticket or retracts the counter.l passenger adjoinks information on out-of-the-way(prenominal)e, train timings and availableness of tickets. rider can get single ticket or multiple tickets. l Journey begins on a day and exit be over with unmatchable break in in the midst of. l rider is identified by name, age, sex and address. l Trains are identified by name and number. l No receipt is issued for money transacted. l outturn of the system is ticket(s) with details. l The process is triggered through a form change by the passenger detailing the requirements of tickets, train, booking, etc. l A form is utilizationd for distributively train. If the journey requires office of multiple trains, separate forms are used for each train. delineate the Actors The agents in the system are the passenger, the counter clerk and the reservation sy stem consisting of form processing, reservation, fare computation, ticket processing, ticket printing, collection of fare amount and posting as sub-systems. The passenger is a passive substance abuseractor who initiates the process and obtains the ticket(s), a goal of mensural value. The counter clerk is an active useractor, who triggers the system and has the role of publicize the tickets with the responsibility of collecting the correct fare amount from the passenger, which is a measurable value.Predesigned and deployed ticket reservation system at the back end is a system actoruser to ensure that ticket processing is do correctly and unalike system termes are updated on issuance of tickets. This actor has an active role and responsibility at the back end. u let Business surgical procedure Model mental reservation and Issue of tag ends Based on the system observation by the analyst, a high-level operation plot is drawn modeling the process of reservation and issue of tickets to the passenger. The activity draw put downs everybody concerned with the system on the ground to a common reason of the system as it functions. tendency point Analysis (OOA) +D=FJAH We use this activity diagram of the process to develop use plates, which together achieves the goal of issuing the ticket. Fig. 15. 3 Activity Diagram of Reservation and Issue of Tickets rider Comes to the foreclose Collects the Reservation Form Writes Details shop assistant graves Form Details on the Screen Triggers Ticket Printing work out Submits form to the foretell shop assistant Validates, Verifies handiness Not OK OK Triggers recognise act upon, Arrives at the hail Amount Prints the Tickets Form Modified Not OKOK Issues Tickets *We do not see this as possibility in real world. Passenger may paseo out of the system Collects Fare Amount Not OK * Confirms OK with the Passenger Triggers Update Process Attends To Next Passenger u Identify and Develop utilise Cases In the t icket reservation systems, users are the passenger, the counter clerk and the Reservation and Ticketing System (RT System). Take each user and identify the roles played, which would lead us to identify the roles played, which, in turn, would lead us to an identification of use case. Table 15. shows the result of the process of identifying the use cases. The system has three users, eight roles and eleven use cases. To illustrate the process of identifying the use cases, let us take the passenger (a user of the system). A passenger as a user may play one or more of three roles. The roles are 1. Enquiring about the availability of tickets on token dates to a destination and the fare per ticket. The role is enquiring. 2=HJ111 Object oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) Table 15. 1 Users? Roles? Use Cases. User l Role l l lUse case l l l l l l l l l Passenger Enquiry Reservation and ticketing Cancellation Form data entry Requisition mainframe Ticket processor Data manager Sys tem server communicate ticket availability and other details. Reserve seats and berths, tickets Cancel tickets Enter Reservation Requisition Form Process requisition for booking Process ticket to print Submits ticket data for updation Process reservation data, process ticketing process cancellation Update the status by date, train, etc. l regaining clerk l l l l l Reservation and ticketing system l 2.Reserving the ticket(s) on a particular train on particular date for a destination by requisitioning through a reservation form The role is reserving and booking tickets. 3. Cancelling the tickets after issuing and payment The role is cancelling. As explained in the case of passenger, the roles are use cases. Similarly, one can probe into the roles and use cases for counter clerk and reservation and ticketing system. u Draw Interaction Diagrams Interaction diagrams are used to show the interactions between user/actor and the system. Use case is a scenario that develops through interac tion.Let us model different scenarios through interaction diagrams Use Case enquiring on ticket availability 1. Passenger submits information about the date and train, and requirement of tickets to the counter clerk 2. Clerk checks the availability of tickets on the date and train. 3. Communicates the availability status to the passenger. 4. If OK, the passenger proceeds to book the ticket through a requisition form. 5. If not OK, the passenger changes the date or train and requests availability. 6. step 2 to 4 are repeated. Figure 15. 4 shows the steps in the activity diagrams of use case question to issue of Tickets. Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) +D=FJAH Fig. 15. 4 Enquiry to Issue of Tickets Passenger Tells get wind Train and Tickets Data Entered into RT System Not acquirable Puts New Date and Train RT Checks Availability Passenger Exits Available Fills Requisition Form RT Processes the Form Prints Tickets Tickets Issued and Fare Amount Collected Let us draw use case scenar ios in use case diagrams for actor passenger. Use Case enquiry Fig 15. 5. Here use case goal is to convey the ticket availability status to the passenger on the requested date and train.If the status is available, the passenger proceeds to book the ticket or may leave the counter. If the status is not available, the passenger may leave the counter or seek availability for a new date or new train. l 2=HJ111 Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) Fig. 15. 5 Use Case Enquiry Enquiries on Availability Enters Requested Data in R&T System Passenger Uses R&T System to Check Reservation Counter Clerk Informs the attitude on Availability l Use Case reservation and ticketing Fig. 15. 6. Writes Reservation Requisition Form & SubmitsFig. 15. 6 Use Case Reservation and Ticketing Passenger Form Data Entered Form Processed for Reservation & Ticketing Triggers Ticket Printing Collects Fare Amount and Issues Ticket Uses R&T System Uses Uses Reservation Counter Clerk Updates R&T Ticket Status Steps involved in this use case are 1. Passenger writes reservation requisition form. 2. Submits to the counter clerk. 3. Counter clerk calls Form screen. 4. Counter clerk enters form data. 5. Triggers R and T processing. 6. On OK processing, triggers ticket printing. 7. Issues ticket to passenger. . Update the system status. So far we have realized two of the most common and frequently used use cases, i. e. enquiry and reservation and ticketing. The following use cases can be simulate on similar lines. l Cancellation l Process reservation data Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) l l +D=FJAH Form data entry l Process ticketing Form processing l Process cancellation l Ticket printing l Status updation When the analyst has end all use cases in the system, s/he has described and modeled the requirement of reservation and ticketing system.It is possible that in first go s/he may not be able to identify actors and hence use cases. But s/ he will come crosswise their presence in t he modeling exercise, and will then go back and analyse further to introduce more actors and use cases. OOA is an intuitive process. Use casedriven OOA up till now has given us broad system requirements in terms of use cases. The OOA model development use cases is to be packaged to model the system. Figure 15. 7 shows the encase of use cases considered in the R and T system.Fig. 15. 7 R and T System Packaging RT System Enquiry Ticketing Ticket Availability Processing and Printing Reservation Uses Uses Cancellation Reserving Seats Cancellation and Refund Process Realise that though there are eleven use cases, we have grouped them under four major use case groups, videlicet l Enquiry l Ticketing l Reservation l Cancellation The stay use cases are sub-use cases, or, in other words, these four use cases are further decomposed to bring uncloudedness to main use case scenario.How umteen case scenarios are necessary to represent the system and then to compose out the requirement? The re are no set rules or guidelines on this point. More use cases may not necessarily bring better understanding or more clarity. A lot depends on users and developers level of comfort. What is definitely required is a use case for each major scenario that is, for enquiry, reservation, ticketing and cancellation. Use cases for different scenarios arising out of smaller input variations make not be modeled.For example, cancellation could be part of a journey, 2=HJ111 Object Oriented Systems Analysis and Design (OOSAD) reduced number of tickets and so on. Amongst atomic number 23 recommended processes of analysis, use casedriven analysis for ascertaining system requirement is considered beat out as it considers users perspective of the system. When the system is modeled into different case scenarios it not only goes down to the level of function and features, but also reveals relationships and behaviours amongst different system components.Each use case scenario is an instance in th e system that has clarity regarding goals and how they are to be achieved. The system can be decomposed from major use case at higher level going down to last(a) level. This means that lower level use case scenarios together prepare the major scenario. In use casedriven analysis, so far we have only understood in addition to domain knowledge. l System scope (enquiry, reservation, ticketing and cancellation) l System players (users, actors) l Major functions and processes ground as use case scenarios. Some idea on publicity system components for deployment. l System requirements at functional and process level. In short, so far in OOA, we have reached to some extent a situation in which the requirement analysis made so far can be put into a formal RDD document. We still have not reached the specifications level. This is possible when we go further, identifying classes, their relationship, attributes and methods. Use casedriven analysis, displayed in use case models, is a basis for moving into the step of identifying classes and conception classes.

Capitalist system

Individuals and businesses experience most of the natural and capital resources. These are the factories, farms, machinery, land, minerals, and another(prenominal) resources used to arrive at goods. Individuals and businesses also buy and sell goods freely. Goods are distri exactlyed through the market of buyers and sellers. capitalism is the economic system in the United States. Socialism is another grammatical case of economic system. In a left system, the people, through their government, own numerous of the resources and manage the economy.Representatives of the people decide what to produce and how much. The government then plans how to look at out these decisions. The government also distributes most goods and services, especially with regard to housing, food, medicine, and other basic necessities. Many nations today engage in limited socialist programs, such as socialized medical or education systems. However, single a few nations can be said to operate but under soc ialist principals. Command economyIn a expect economy, the government owns nearly everything that is used to produce goods. Government planners, rather than the people, fix the decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. North Korea is an example of a uncouth with a command economy. Mixed economy individuals, businesses, and the government own or so parts of the economy. All of these groups play a role in do economic decisions about what to produce and how to distribute it. Russia was once part of the originator Soviet Union, which had a command economy.Russia now has a mixed economy. fabianism Government ownership of productive resources, and a one-company state to give decisions. The level of public ownership is usually higher than in socialism. It is even out less efficient and even more equalitarian (although under communism, most folks appear to be more equal than others. Dictators and high party officials usually appear to live better than do common cit izens). Fascism Fascism claims to be capitalist, but as the state is not democratic, theres itty-bitty popular control over anything.The state (usually, some dictator or group of dictators) tends to reward its friends and punish its enemies, which leads both to oppression and an inefficient economy. (The sozzled that kicks back the most money to the government is the firm that survives and makes a profit, but it isnt very often the firm that produces the best products at the terminal price. ) Both inefficient and unequal, this seems to represent the worst of all possible worlds.

Art Critique: Boys in a Pasture vs. Children Wrestling

sequence the base nature of art is mimetic, these representations of reality functions to give an account of events and people that ask to be remembered. Art therefore partakes in accounting the history of earthly concern in relation to nature.Winslow marks depiction Boys in a gage and Paul Gauguins Children Wrestling are a causal agency in point. Both paintings reflect a naturalist framework that picture the innate and dedicated fondness of children on the natural environment, which at the equal time reveals the ideal peace and harmony that both artists try to portray. Their elegant approaches reflect Henry David Thoreaus (1992) natural history which principally reflects the importee of the objectives and systems of science in humanity.SimilaritiesAside from the mode of painting which is oil painting in squeeze outvass, both painting have similar elements, children and nature.The Boys in a Pasture can be considered to portray Homers reminiscence of his admit childhood while at the comparable time conveying a positive outlook for a brighter future considering that it was painted afterwards the American Civil war. Homers principal source of inspiration for the painting was the American rural scene which depicted the serenity, peace and simplicity of life.In the same vein, Gauguins painting contained the themes of peace and contentment however set in the atmosphere of Brittany. It overly conveys a positive outlook by depicting children play in nature. It must be noted that wrestling is contextualized as a regional tradition.It was the practice for young Breton villagers to participate in wrestling matches after Sunday mass (Dorra, p92) Children and children playing are often used as representation of innocence, youthfulness and purity of thoughts vis a vis the corruption of mind that is attributed to maturity. While Gauguin apparently uses this creation, Homers depiction of natural innocence was also reflected with his use of daisies which may have been derived from William Wordsworths ritualistic exultation to youthfulness, To the Daisy of 1802. (Scoggins, 1966)Finally, both Homer and Gauguin have their figures of persons with averted faces which are not particularly identifiable so that they can more effectively and generally represent a universal concept of children or youth.

Rossi Inc. Essay

BackgroundRossi Inc. is a diversified manufacturer of industrial products. In 2008, Rossi modifyd its asbestos judicial proceeding indebtedness, including the hails of village payments and plea costs relating to currently pending claims and in store(predicate) claims projected to be filed against the Company through 2017 for losses incurred to date. Before 2008, the Companys former figure was for claims projected to be filed through 2011. As part of the 2008 update to the asbestos judicial proceeding liability, Rossi engaged Thompson and Associates, a consulting firm, to serve as an external specializer to estimate the claims liability for declination 31, 2008. As a result of the 2008 update and the external specialist claims estimate, the Company significantly increased its record asbestos judicial proceeding liability by $586 million, arriving at a total liability estimate of $1,055 million as of December 31, 2008. During 2009, additional payments against the reliever red uced the record liability to $962 million.As of December 31, 2009, the Company performed an analysis of the asbestos litigation reserve and come upd that the asbestos litigation liability should remain at $962 million. In 2009, Rossi Inc.s average cost per claim litigation increased from $29,000 in 2008, to $34,000 imputable to managements aggressive approach. This resulted in Thompson concluding that the litigation liability account should have a carrying value of $1,124 Million instead of $962 Million. instruction of Rossi Inc. thinks that there aggressive approach to litigation claims in 2009 and revised defense strategy volition decrease litigation cost and defense cost in the approaching. doubt QuestionYou have been asked by the network checkmate to review the clients accounting for the asbestos litigation liability and determine the appropriate accounting literature for Rossis recognition and measurement of the asbestos litigation liability.Relevant LiteratureAccountin g Standards Codification 450-20-25-1 & 2 Loss adventure Recognition 25-1 When a loss contingency exists, the likelihood that the future resultant role or events allow for confirm the loss or impairment of an summation or the incurrence of a liability can throw off from potential to remote. Asindicated in the definition of contingency, the term loss is used for convenience to accommodate many charges against income that be commonly referred to as expenses and others that are commonly referred to as losses. The Contingencies Topic uses the terms presumable, middling possible, and remote to identify three areas at bottom that regulate. 25-2 An estimated loss from a loss contingency shall be accrued by a charge to income if both of the following conditions are met a. Information forthcoming before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued (as discussed in Section 855-10-25) indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability h ad been incurred at the date of the financial statements. Date of the financial statements message the end of the most recent accounting period for which financial statements are being presented. It is implicit in this condition that it essential be probable that one or more future events will occur positivist the fact of the loss. b. The come in of loss can be fairly estimated.charges ApplicationRossi Inc. records indicate that litigation liabilities exist and that un-asserted litigations will line up in the future for events which occurred before December 31st, 2009. These claims can be reasonably estimated based a frequency severity method used in many asbestos litigation cases. Therefore, Management of Rossi Inc. has met both conditions and correctly accrued the reasonably estimated cost of the litigation liabilities. Accounting Standards Codification 450-20-30-1 Initial Measurement If or so tot up within a range of loss appears at the sequence to be a better estimate than any other tot within the range, that sum total shall be accrued. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, however, the minimum amount in the range shall be accrued. Even though the minimum amount in the range is not necessarily the amount of loss that will be ultimately determined, it is not likely that the ultimate loss will be less than the minimum amount.ApplicationAccording to the Internal actuarial Specialist Report, the estimated cost of litigation ranges from $907 million to $1,514 million. Accounting Standards Codification 450-20-30-1 says that Rossi Inc. must accrue the lower amountof the range which is $907 million. The company must as head as create a disclosure note acknowledging that it is possible the litigation liabilities could cost as much as $1,514 million if the excess is reasonably probable. Research QuestionWhat additional audit procedures, if any, should you suggest to the engagement provide in order to prize the a ppropriateness of the asbestos litigation liability as of December 31, 2009?Relevant LiteratureStatements on Audit Standards No. 12- AU subsection 337 Paragraph 6 & 7 .06 An auditor ordinarily does not deliver legal skills and, therefore, cannot make legal judgments concerning information coming to his attention. Accordingly, the auditor should collect the clients management to send a garner of inquiry to those lawyers with whom management consulted concerning litigation, claims, and assessments. .07 The audit normally includes certain other procedures undertaken for different purposes that cleverness also disclose litigation, claims, and assessments. Examples of such procedures are as follows Reading proceeding of meetings of stockholders, directors, and appropriate committees held during and subsequent to the period being audited. Reading contracts, loan agreements, leases, and commensurateness from taxing or other governmental agencies, and similar documents. Obtaining infor mation concerning guarantees from desire confirmation forms. Inspecting other documents for possible guarantees by the client.ApplicationThe engagement render should ask management to send their legal counsel a letter of inquiry, outlining all litigation procedures currently in progress and claims or assertions for future litigation. Because of attorney-client confidentiality, the lawyer may refuse to response to the letter of inquiry alternatively, the engagement render can obtain this information from other sources. The engagement partner can read the documented minutes of meetings of directors and company committees, as well as, contracts created between Rossi Inc. and its customers for possible grounds for future lawsuits. The auditor should also pass on to understand how Rossi Inc. management developed its estimate for the litigation liability, then he/she should review and test those procedures used by management. Research QuestionConsidering the range of the estimated cla ims liabilities, do you believe that there is an uncorrected likely misstatement that the engagement partner should request the client to correct?InterpretationThe engagement team has already determined that the litigation liabilities account is a material account with corporeality for the audit set at $12.5 million. The litigation liabilities account currently has a balance of $962 million however, ASC 450-20-30-1 states that account should reflect the lower amount of the reasonably measured range of possible litigation cost. The amount which should be recorded is $907 million which is $55 million less than the currently recorded amount. With physicalness set at $12.5 million, the engagement partner should request Rossi Inc. correct the amount of the litigation liabilities account to fix the likely misstatement.ConclusionRossi Inc. has met both conditions of ASC 450-20-25-2 because it is probable the company will have litigation losses in the future from events which occurred dur ing or before this accounting period. These losses have been reasonably estimated into a range of $907 to $1,514 million. According to ASC 450-20-30-1, when a range exists and no number in the range is more likely to occur the company should accrue the lowest amount of the range. The audit should also inquiry about the accuracy of the litigation estimate. This can be accomplished by complying data obtained from inquiry letter to the clients lawyers, reading of minutes for meetings conducted by management or directors and by evaluating contracts between the client and their customers. The auditor must also evaluate the method of estimating the litigation liability. Finally, the engagement partner must ask Rossi Inc.s management to correct the likely misstatement due to the litigation liabilities account being overstated.

Understand How To Handle Information In Social Care Settings

info vindication lay out 1998 (amended in 2003) The data Protection Act 1998 (amended in 2003) is a UK law that was set up to comfort hoi pollois personal study and who the training was shargond with. The cause also enables hatful to make incontestable that their tuition is organismness encompassd correctly. The 1998 Act replaced and consolidated earlier legislation such as the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987. The Data Protection Act 1998 (amended in 2003) is a legal obligation to everyone who holds information well-nigh a person.Non-compliance with the Data Protection Act is a criminal offense. Examples of multitude who hold information who would have to comply with the Data Protection Act 1987 (amended in 2003) is youre GP, NHS, Private Companies etc. If youre GP was to unwrap information or so you to your mother or father without your consent this would be going once morest the Data Protection act which could lead to the GP be ing prosecuted for committing a criminal offense and being non-compliant.Freedom of information act 2000- This act was created to stomach members of the public to access information held about them by opposite public bodies. For standard if the NHS holds information about you under the Freedom of learning Act 2000 you have a right to know what this information is and who it is accessible to. There are three ship plentyal to find out information under this act.You can request this information electronically by displace an email to them from their website or using the contact us section.You can indite to the department with a request form or a letter requesting access to the information.You can fax the department to request the information.There may be a charge for the information and you can find details of be by looking on the public bodies website, calling them or opus to them. The Health and social manage Act- also has guidelines and legislations on how to cargo area raft information correctly.Care Quality Commissions Guidance about inherent Standards of Quality and Safety Outcome 21- Provides youwith information on how to handle people information and comply with legislation and laws. The General Social Care Council can also return you information and guidelines on their website about manipulation people information You can also find out how to handle information by looking at your company policies and procedures manual, looking in your own code of conduct and requesting information from your line manager about how to do this effectively.Q 1. 2 Explain how legal requirements and codes of rule inform execute in handling information?A 1. 2 Legal requirements and codes of practice are guidelines, policies and procedures that everyone has to adhere to in their day to day activities when handling information.The guidelines protect you from committing criminal offenses where it is a legal requirement or from facing vent when it is a companys p olicy or procedure. Legal requirements give you counsel and carry when storing and handling personal and confidential information about an individual, it will enable you to store information correctly and safely.Q 2.1 Explain how to represent records that are up to date, complete, accurate and clear?A 2. 1 A good course of maintaining records is on a com draw uper or in a lodge that can be kept confidential and kept up to date.Records should be updated each clipping the individual is seen, either at home or in a clinical setting. Records must continuously be factual and not an opinion, they must be accurate and legible for others to be able to read. When recording information you must date time and sign the documents in some cases the service user may take aim to sign them as well.There are many thing that you motive to update in the records these include Date and time of arrival or punish what happened what tasks were completed i. e. washed, dressed, fed, medication Out come of visit and any requests from the service user. For character if you go and visit a service user and you have gave them breakfast and medication for the day you must state this in the records as the close visitor may give the client breakfast and medication again which could overdose the service user.Q 2. 2 Describe practices that en accredited security when storing and accessing information?A 2. 2 There are many different ways to ensure security when storing and accessing information Passwords on computers enable unauthorised people from accessing records as well as emails Keeping records locked aside in a file cabinet/cupboard with a key that only individual who is authorised to open it has the key. Not leaving notes lying around to be seen by anyone Make sure that handovers are done in a room where no one can hear Making sure conversations with service users are in private and not breeching confidentiality.Not discussing information with people on the telephone or if yo u do doing this in private so no one else can hear. Making sure files are returned to the file cabinets when not in use.Q 2. 3 Describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security?A 2. 3 It is weighty to keep all clients information in a safe(p) localization principle (i. e. filing cabinet for paper based records etc. ) if any records are taken out of the secure location to be used in updating or retrieving information from they are to be kept away from unauthorised users.For example if you visit a service user in the morning but no longer need their records it should be put in the secure location out of reach of others who are not authorised to use this. electronic records are to only be accessed by a password which will stop unauthorised people accessing the records. Electronic systems will also record who, when and what time the records have been accessed and what the person was doing when accessing the information. For example is Jo e blogs record needed updating to say he was on a new medication.You would log into the computer and put a password into the files to allow you access the computer system would record who you are and what time you accessed the file and what you did with the file. (I. e. amended information, updated records etc. ) Always making sure there is a backup of document paper documents should be photocopied and stored in a filing cabinet that is labelled. Electronic records should be backed up either on a USB stick or a server to make sure records are not lost.Q 3. 1 Explain how to support others to understand the need for secure handling of information?A 3. 1 Ways to support others and making them understand the need for secure handling of information is by quest aftering policies and procedures yourself which shows good practice. Showing people policies legislation and procedures about handling information and monitoring the way they handle peoples information and offering them guidance a nd advice on how to handle peoples information in the most secure way meeting the legislation that is in place, advise them to read the data security department act and the companies code of conduct.We all have a duty to follow the procedures and legislation for handling information. If someone does not know how to do this you can show them how to do so, as well as showing them how to update information where required.Q 3. 2 Explain how to support others to understand and contribute to records?A 3. 2 You can support other by raising their cognizance of the consequences of not updating records, making them legible and not following policies and procedures in compliance with data protection. Make sure that you colleagues know where to keep secure files and how to store them. (I. e. alphabetically. )

Dead Poets Society †Responsibility Essay

Exposition Dead Poets orderNeils suicide was more his mystifys fault than that of Keating. Do you agree or disagree? The movie Dead Poets fellowship produced in 1989 by Peter Weir unfolds many perception of heart during the 1950s. The Welton Academy, the perspective where the movie was filmed, sets a great ideal as it articulates the regimented liveliness of numerous male students who suffer from pressure, lack of immunity, and high expectations of their p atomic number 18nts and teachers. umteen of these teenage boys are considered rebellious instead of subsequent, for taking risks. However, the roles of these students are fundamental as they show the vivacious individualism byout the movie.The students also show existing individualism through the encounters that they had with one an another(prenominal), with their parents and with the school staff. However, if individualism is taken to its extent, things freighter either go right or for instance, Neils suicide it lau ghingstock also go horribly wrong. and moving on to the topic, Yes, Neils death was a tragedy, many people believe only himself was held responsible. But if you look at the greater depth of the movie, there are other rea word of honors why Neil chose to end his tone. And if there is anything to blame for Neils death, there are strong possibilities that Neils let and Mr Keating are highly responsible. Who do you hypothesise is responsible for Neils death? Mr Perry, Neils dad, a traditional, persuasive, strict father who requires high expectation of his son or Mr Keating, Neils charismatic and sacred teacher, the one who opened the students mind? Mr Perry can be blamed perpetually of Neils suicide if Neils death was based on, basically, the lack of freedom Neil had during the sentence when he was still living. Mr Perry is a very traditional father who has high expectations of his son and just like any typical father in the film, he is forceful and aggressive towards his sons ed ucational life.He is extremely domineering and believes that deciding for his son was the best idea. It was a tough challenge for Neil to get along with his father as he couldnt overcome the difficult relationship he had with his father. One example would be when Neil specifyd to change his fathers will of him doing a career in medicine and alternatively, he chose to follow his dreams and do a career in performing arts. However, Mr Perry showed atrocious response in what Neil has done. Neils performance was rather aggravating than delighting to him. Mr Perry insisted to do nothing but decide for his son. Neil, thinking hes had enough, stood for himselfand tried to communicate with his father to publish him his own perspective. However, the traumatized boy whos stuck in agony was unable to do so.Neil believed that there was no sort out of this horrendous imprisoned-life so his boilersuit choice was to end everything by pull of a trigger. It was the only way for Neil to show indepe ndence to his father, the only way to show that hes seizing the day. Mr Perry, who was unable to understand the state of event, was horrifiedbut if he listened and communicated properly with NeilNeil would still probably, be breathing. Though there was no exact reason of Mr Keating getting involved with Neils suicide, Mr Keating was also, somehow, blamed for Neils death. Many audience of the film believe that Mr Keating did not present his philosophy of life clearly therefore causing the boys to interpret it incorrectly. This mightve been during the time he opened his students mind and filled them with hopes and dreams, or the time when he told them to look at things in a different way, or the time when he told them to enjoy life to the fullest (aka Carpe Diem Seize the day).Though, he advance his pupils to stand up for themselves, to be independent, he also pushed them away from conformist to the schools policy. One boundless example of Mr Keatings inspiration, through the way he teaches the boys, was when he told them to rip out the introduction pageboy of the poetry books. As he wanted them to gain the ability to subscribe their own response, to build their own belief of what poetry is all about. And throughout the movie, Mr Keating would constantly tell his students to Seize the day though, he meant to live life to the fullest, he did not theoretically mean to suicide. Unknowingly, Mr Keating taught his students, the opposite message he was trying to get to them. Overall, the majority of reasons for Neils suicide was caused by Mr Perry, though Mr Keating can also be blamed as he lacked of write up in his inspirational words to the boys, if he had explained his theory properly to his students, accordingly they wouldve fully understood including the consequences it would bring. However, it is Mr Perry that has caused extreme destruction in Neils identity. til now from the start, Neil and his dad never had a proper father-and-son relationship. Mr Perry never gave Neil a take on to do something he wanted to do, instead he was eager of dictatorial his sons life. He treated Neil like as if his son was imprisoned, no freedom, no choice and he was full of restrictions against his son.

Lady Macbeth Coursework Essay

When Shakespeargon was writing Macbeth, most people regardd that the Sun went around the populace and that magic and witchcraft existed. This do them truly superstitious indeed. Religion was in like manner a dominant factor at the time. All children were baptized, soon after(prenominal) they were born. This then enabled them to be taught the essentials of the Christian religion.Education at the time was unaccompanied best for the rich. Shakespeare was one of the lucky ones because of him organism brought up in a very wealthy society he got the chance to be easily educated. This then got him writing plays such(prenominal) as Twelfth Night, Hamlet and including Macbeth. He is now widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in side of meat literature.In Macbeth, skirt Macbeth put up be setn in some ship adviseal which screwing be related to Macbeths villainy. She preempt be seen as the harboror/ protected, manipulator, victim, Jacobean wife and also how she is in ch arge of the kinship with Macbeth.Manipulation is the process of b nullifying a nonher to your will and making them believe or do something that they norm completelyy wouldnt do. Manipulation can be seen when both brothel keeper Macbeth and Macbeth plot of ground to kill their own King (King Duncan). And see a coward in thine own esteem, in this quotation we can see that bird Macbeth is literally aphorism to Macbeth that he is only being a coward to himself if he was going to back away from the deed. skirt Macbeth uses such strong raillerys so that Macbeth has a greater chance of non backing down to the regicide.From analysing the ingeminate live a coward in thine we can lightly see that the word coward is emphasise with the word thine. The word coward factor someone who is afraid and someone with no bravery at all. This is big to me because it gives a great impact to the reader that Macbeth is being called a coward by his own wife. This to me sounds like doll Macbeth is acting in a very sly way to get her husband to do what she wants him to do.Another ideal of manipulation can be seen when chick Macbeth is talking about the plot to kill the King with Macbeth. These deeds must not be image after these waysso, it will make us mad. hither we can see that brothel keeper Macbeth is trying to bend the situation a bit so that it goes to her favour. In other words, telling Macbeth to not invade about what has happened. It will make us mad. In this quote the word mad is important because it is being emphasised so that Macbeth is much alert about the murder. Mad is an adjective which is ordinarily associated with people that are not acting in a normal way. To me this suggests that Lady Macbeth is hypothesiseing that if you dont forget about the deed, we are going to be in a normal produce.We can also see Lady Macbeth in control of the relationship with Macbeth when she helps Macbeth with the murder of King Duncan, making the guards drunk, guarant ee that Macbeth doesnt get caught in the process. Only look up clear to alter favour ever is to fear. Leave all the assuagement to me. In this text we can literally see that Lady Macbeth is giving Macbeth the fortune for her to do most of the covering up, this understandably indicates Lady Macbeth taking the voice of being the shielder towards her husband.By the use of the command Leave all the rest to me this to me emphasises that she is the dominant character at this specific part of the scene. The word leave is a command that you would usually use after a word, in this occasion Lady Macbeth has used this at the start of the declare which to me sounds more appealing for the reader too. Furthermore, she implicates to the rest as referring to the King, the daggers and the stewards. This to me shows that she is telling Macbeth that she can take control of situations like these.The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth does not always go in Lady Macbeths favour. In this example she is more of a victim. This can be seen at the end of the story when she is guilty of all the murders which that she has contributed to, this then leads her going mad. The thane of Fife he had a wife, where is she now? by examining this text, we can see that now Lady Macbeth is in a half away/half dreaming state to hold herself for all the deeds that Macbeth has committed, this to me explains why she is asking such questions. The thane of Fife he had a wife, here by Lady Macbeth using the recent tense had it shows to me that a level of confusion has taken place. This is then emphasised when she adds on the question at the end of the sentence. Therefore, in the readers point of view, it shows us that she is behaving in a mad sort of manor, which isnt really seen before.We can say that Lady Macbeth is the catalyst of the murder. Furthermore, she can be known as the protector and the protected. Macbeth is one character who tries best to protect Lady Macbeth. When Banquo was murdered, Macbeth kept Lady Macbeth in complete darkness. Be aboveboard of the deed, devout chuck, this quote suggests that Macbeth is trying to protect her and is shown as the protected. By the use of the words be innocent it suggests to me that Lady Macbeth is forcing Macbeth to be innocent, this is because the command is used at the start of the sentence which usually indicates that the person is in control. The whole quote Be innocent of the deed, dear chuck infers that she wants him to forget about the murder, showing that shes a protector.Lady Macbeth can also be seen as a protector when she responds to Macbeths actions. Leave all the rest to me. In this quote we can clearly see Lady Macbeth as the dominant character in their relationship and also as the protector towards her own husband. By looking at the text used and concentrating on the word me, we can see that Lady Macbeth could be using the word as in referring herself to the manipulator, protector or even the victim. Also by use of the words the rest, this could give the reader a thought that it can be referred to or mean the king, or his guards, the daggers or can simply mean various abstracts such as shame, guilt, and consequence. This to me shows a perfect demonstration on how Lady Macbeth is being a protector and manipulator towards Macbeth to get her own way.Lady Macbeth is not always seen as the catalyst. In this case it is shown when she takes the role of being a victim. Unsex me here. In this quote it shows that Lady Macbeth is asking for her feminine side to be taken away. This to me shows that she is making a change from the typical female stereo type (e.g. kind, endangered) to a more masculine character (e.g. leader, macho man). This change could have made her more manipulative towards Macbeth and in a leading role, but in the state she is in now she is seen more as the victim.Lady Macbeth can also be seen as victim in the quote dulcorate this little hand. Here we can see that what Shakespeare is trying to say that, because of how Lady Macbeths contribution to the regicide, she is trying to forgive herself for what she has done wrong. By the use of the words sweeten and little, it clearly shows that shes vulnerable and delicate. By the use of words like these it also infers Lady Macbeths sorrow and the role of her being a victim.Overall we can see that Lady Macbeth is the dominant character that contributes to Macbeths villainy in many ways. Killing a king in the was the worst crime you could maybe do in Shakespeares time.

Destroy Othello Essay

Iago feels that he was passed over for a promotion to lieutenant and resents Cassio, the bare-assed lieutenant. He also harbors a potential grudge against Othello, who promoted Cassio. Iago explains to Roderigo that Cassio was appointed in spite of the fact that three important Venetians had asked Othello to promote Iago. Iago states I know my price, I am worth no worse a place (1. 1. 11), which shows that he felt that he deserved the promotion.He resents that he has fought alongside Othello some(prenominal) times in battle, yet Cassio a mere counter-caster(1. 1. 31), who has never served in battle, was made lieutenant. He holds Othello responsible for his being passed over, and mocks Othellos race and character. Iagos conduct reveals his malicious nature. His statement I am not what I am (1. 1. 65) summarizes the deceitfulness of his character. Iago suggests to the heartbroken Roderigo that he Call up her father, / stir him make after him, poison his delight, / Proclaim him in t he streets (1. 1. 67-69). This shows Iagos spiteful nature.He suggests that Roderigo not only disturb Barbantio in the middle of the night, alone that he publicly announce that Desdemona has eloped, thus subjecting Barbantio and his family to shame. While calling discover to Barbantio, Iago watchs in the dark and does not reveal his identity. Here, as in the rest of the play, Iago acts an instigator, hidden in the shadows, yet still managing to manipulate those nearly him. In speaking to Barbantio, Iago insults him, and describes the relationship of Desdemona in derogatory and pornographic terms. subsequently doing his best to make Barbantio panic, Iago returns to Othello and pretends to be loyal. However, he instructs Roderigo to tell Barbantio exactly where Desdemona and Othello bottomland be found. Iagos conduct reveals his ability to control others, while they remain unaware of his influence. This is shown by the fact that he uses Roderigo to anger Barbantio, whom he uses to suppress Othello. At this point, Barbantio and Othello are oblivious to Iagos devious nature. Iago callously betrays Othello still pretends to be loyal to him.

Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles

Es swear titleIntroductory to organisational behaviour principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) offer be prove anywhere nowadays. Experts and professionals in this argona have through a people of explore, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and views on how a person entrust channel in an organisation. This paper argues that there are other resources to attend us understand OB better.This paper will firstly define what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our main text harbour, Organisational deportment on the peace-loving Rim written by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travagli iodin. It will then analyse the relevancy and usefulness of information to people working in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB actually mean? Robbins and imagine (2007, P. ) defined that OB is a theater of find out that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and complex body part hav e on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such cognition toward improving an organisations effectiveness. While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points come forward that OB is the study of how people behave in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure human resources to achieve goals. Comparing these two long definitions on OB, I would rather go along with the statement by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. Its so much easier to grasp and understand the gist of OB especially to students equal me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is scarce putting their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a share of views on one issue, it can be either the same or different, theres no right or wrong either, its just a matter of how we perceive things.Thus we tak e up to direct into other resources to tap into other peoples views and concepts to learn more about OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to understand, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will usefulness the individual and the organisation. How ever so, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly different kind of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and eventually to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2).The latter statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employees performance, communication and decisions making big businessman by sending their employees for courses equivalent team building. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identify and explained the five anchors on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, systematic interrogation anchor, contingency anchor, multiple level s of analysis anchor and lastly the pioneer systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book.These clearly explained concepts would help students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and umpire (2007) only talks about the contributions to OB field from four behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione talks more than that, they even listed and discussed how emerging disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB.Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to form research questions, and apply test hypotheses against smooth information. Mcshane and Travaglione also suggest that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. Its a qualitative method whereby concep ts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For example, the Department for communicate in the United Kingdom did a project to find out what factors affect the choice of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003).Maybe the Land Transport Authority in Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing publication of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that no single solution is scoop in all circumstances. What works in one particular whitethorn not be successful in a different emplacement (12Manage, 2008). This is a view shared by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situation a different kind of respond is required.An example can be money money can be a motivator for several(prenominal) people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the persons financial needs and side (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and manager s in organisations learn to understand factors of different situations in rate to respond more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). Similarly to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are three levels of analysis on OB, the micro which studies the individual, inwardness level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations.However, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an image of importance on this potpourri will help students to understand topics area of concern later in the book. Now lets look at the last anchor, the frank system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points out that organisations are consecrate systems that will receive input of information and resources from the environment and in second transform them into goods or service before returning them back into the environment.Organisations are always restructuring and strategising to survive in t he corporate world (Taplin 2005). This information will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to strengthen their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of reading and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and due to the ever ever-changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people.By using the five anchors we will be satisfactory to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some information may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. Total word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, open systems, Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of organizational Behavior, viewed 2 August 2008, http//web. ebscoho st. com. libproxy. sim. edu. sg/ehost/detail? id=4&hid=120&sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=lmh&AN=20986772 Department for Transport 2003, psychological Factors Affecting Transport Mode Choice, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. & Travaglione, T. 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. & Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, Organizational Behavior, The person-organization fit, assimilator Hall Inc, New Jersey. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. 2007, Organizational Behavior, 12th edn, Pearson education Inc, USA.Taplin, I. M. 2005, strategical change and organisational restructuring How managers negotiate change initiatives, Journal of international management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. & Rizzo, J. R. 2000, Managing Organizational Behavior, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, Mo ney, Money, Money, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, Contingency conjecture, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008,

Abigail Williams and How She Contributed to American History Essay

Abigail Williams was a suspicious 11 or 12 grade old girl who was the leading cause of the capital of Oregon Witch tribulation hysteria. There is not much background information on her, nevertheless as far as history goes, Abigail was born 1680 and lived with her Uncle Samuel Parris family, who was the head noble-minded of Salem, Massachusetts at the time. Although it was ordinary practice for young girls to live with relatives to tick some housewifery, we know very little about Abigail, including where she was born and who her parents were. (Yost, 2002) In an indirect way, Abigail has contributed to American history being that she was the main cause of the Salem Witch Trial accusations. The 6th amendment of the American Constitution was highly influenced by the Salem Witch Trials.See more Experiment on polytropic physical process EssayWith the 6th amendment, the accused are entitled to have a run across, an attorney for their defense, and will be heard before a jury in cour t. The Salem Witch Trials affected the way America viewed rock-steady evidence used in court cases because they stopped using apparitional evidence. During the Witchcraft trials, the only evidence available was hear-say information from the girls who were afflicted. More than 45 innocent people were killed, because the court believed Abigail and the girls without pay heeding into further detail about the spoken witches. Nowadays, the accused are able to have a witness with them as well as some one who will look into their case and use accurate evidence to prove their innocence until turn out guilty.

Single Fathers Versus Single Mothers

Single Fathers The Single Fathers versus Single Mothers First delineate Last summons College / University you be enrolled at Professors Name Subject The Single Fathers versus Single Mothers The plight of star mothers has been all in addition familiar in the recent years. Social usefulnesss have been tailor-made made to cater to their necessarily. It is with them that our society sympathizes. Then again, we seem to have disregarded that while there is a star mother, there is the mavin give who suffers just the same. He is that other p device of the completely.He also has his own rights, needs and story that deserves to get noniced and paid attention to. Indeed, he too matters and that is for sure. The number of single commences in the United States registered to ab stunned 2. 5 gazillion by the year 2007. Of the 2. 5 million, 40 % of them ar divorced, 4% atomic number 18 widowed and the remaining 16 % argon isolated. Eight percent of the commonwealth rears three or more small fryren below 18 years of age. approximately 14 % of this population has been non been living in their own home bases.The yearbook income of 27 % of these families amounts to ab place $ 50,000 or more (Information Please Database, 2007). This has been a commodious population boost as way back in 1970, single mothers account to about 90 % of the single family population while single dumbfounds only numbers to 400,000 (Gillenkirk, 2000). The Ameri terminate family is a lot different today. more than and more fathers left to rear their children after a break up are starting to out number the single mother population, almost twice as a great deal. More than 2 million, which is about one twenty percent of the population of single parents today, are single fathers.Even though the medias portrayal of single parents still focuses primarily on single moms, working single fathers direct register to about 30 % of the single parents population (Gillenkirk, 2000). Fo r most affectionate workers, peculiarly the ones involved in the eud carryonia department and civil service find it hard to fit in quality time in their schedules. Most of their time is consumed by long working hours. They could not apply of night shifts to prevail time off from work. As a result, they rarely spend worthwhile moments with their kids (Jaff, 1983).In the tender work practice, fathers are branded as the hard to reach knobs. Most lower class single fathers are labeled this way. Their working habits or their seeming escape of interest whitethorn be to blame. These seem to augment the bad reputation of fathers as unconstructive and impassive and almost endlessly pass the burden of responsibility to their wives. As if to add insult to injury, home visits are scheduled during the daytime and most of them are designed primarily for the mother and children, the father, in most cases is overlooked. agreement schedules favorable to the father barely happen.If onl y loving work practices get out include single fathers in their clients list, they are most likely to serve (Jaff, 1983). Stereotyping among fathers themselves still abound the paternal purpose in the dry land of accessible services. In some cases, their roles are dictated by social workers. The lack of efforts to include single fathers in social work practices are taken as a non involvement. While there is no denying of the incidents wherein fathers are out of reach, it must be noted how ever that most of this cases happen in social work programs primarily catered to single mothers.Even though equal magnificence are considered and expected, single fathers are seldom if not neer the study clients as far as social work practices are concerned, by default or design (Jaff, 1983). The seeming exclusion of fathers in the social work practice was founded on either conceptual or organisational solid grounds. The irony is that most children in placement came from families with u nhealthy father child relationships. Sadly, making up for such loss never happens. While the importance of incorporating the fathers role in such programs is slowly gaining recognition, what is ideal does not always exists in reality, though.Still, there is a decline in terms of compact and fathers barely get the accommodation they deserve (Jaff, 1983). This kind of development is much awaited by the social work practice in general, particularly the children involved. They know too thoroughly that there is a large surmise of ignoring the father as an important client. Countless reasons contribute to this scenario. Nevertheless, fathers are not valued nor are they assisted at the really least in the field of research and social work practice. He is deemed to be the ambitious rather than partner in delivering social work practices.The fathers role is of equal importance with that of the mother. If only outreach programs are incorporated, working hours is not a matter and if onl y cultures are respected, fathers can turn to social work practices whenever he needs a helping hand (Jaff, 1983). In the world today, the fathers role and problems as a client in the social work practice, commands a second glance. This is peculiarly sure now that womens rights and roles are redefined. The father and the mother are now treated as two separate entities, thanks to the dictates of the modern world.Moreover, examen family roles is more acceptable today than ever before. Maternal as well as paternal roles are gaining it most deserved attention (Jaff, 1983). The have it off of the fathers rights as a partner in social work practices is one thing. It has never been so important to be reminded that efficient child welfare practices must be delivered. Both parents need to be involved as they form part of a whole. After all, the process starts with them. Biological or psychological, a parents participation is crucial.It can make or break the whole child welfare practice n o matter how noble the aim can possibly be (Jaff, 1983). A century ago, fathers left home in search for a job to sustain his family. Back thence the father is the breadwinner, a place that held a stable footing for a while. Undoubtedly, over the years, men have endured countless struggles to assuage true to this mistaken role in the family. Nevertheless, at the turn of yet another century, the masculine of the species being the sole providers remained to be the standard (Shaklee Year).However, such standard has been challenged by current changes in the family set up for the past couple of years. An change magnitude number of married women are fixning to enter the employment scene. This includes mothers of little children. With this thing happening now, are fathers as breadwinners nearing extinction? (Shaklee Year). As mothers begin to enter the work force, the fathers are compelled to pay a price. Husbands of employed mothers have the appearance _or_ semblance to suffer ment al anxiety and distress more as compared to husbands of stay at home moms. There are men who see themselves as a deficient provider.While womens liberation has done good things to the fe young-begetting(prenominal) of species, it has run-down the conventional concepts of machismo and fatherhood. In effect, it posted a challenge to the prototype of a man as a sole provider (Shaklee Year). The role of the father as a breadwinner may soon come to an end. Differing trends could be the reason for its downfall. Separating oneself from a certain role is a good recourse especially when conventional roles are at stake. Since the marrying age of men is getting high, they are most likely to father relatively few children.Moreover they would most likely file for divorce sooner or later. This trend includes children born out of wedlock, whose fathers participation is almost negligible. In addition, children out of wedlock who seldom take up support from them fathers are part of this trend. The amount of quality time divided up by fathers and his family has gone down by 43 % from 1960 until 1980. These fathers have separated themselves from family life primarily because of the recent redefinition of the fathers role in the family (Shaklee Year). The reverse of the process may be echoed by the second trend.This can be characterized by mens view of their involvement in the family life as a measure of happiness. The average American father would trade job promotion for quality time (Shaklee Year). It took us how more years to be able to weigh against this reaffirmation the role of the male species in the family today to his role back when the days were young. The year was 1800s when the strong male image came to life. The fathers role in child development and family life is vital as far as the home, being the focus of the work is concerned.However, when work leaves home, fathers become insignificant in the aspect of child development. As mothers grace the employment scen e, the fathers role in the childrens lives are stressed like never before. Initially, fathers may not be comfortable to assume this role since they are not used with this kind of set up. Though they may not see their fathers like themselves, they can very much resemble the role their great grandfathers used to play at home (Shaklee Year). Today, a ripening number of men are beginning to value a world beyond work and success.Things then known to be the measures of lifes worth. Now, they know that there is certainly nothing more of value than witnessing the early few gaits of their child, that sweet kiss on the cheek, the seemingly complicated art of tying a shoelace, that clip perfectly placed on her signal or his boys first attempt to shoot that ball. These are the things can never be replaced by any amount of pay for a job well done. Though it can never be well articulated in words, that sense of satisfaction can for sure get any single father through the pains of his fate.T he quantify when a father is able to watch a child amaze and actually be there for him from the minute he begins to defy soberness until such time when he can very well take care of himself are the very moments when the much needed strength may be drawn from. These are the things that can make loss and custody battles a little bit more bearable than it actually is (Gillenkirk, 2000). The very same things that remind him that after all, allthing will be worth every pain endured and tear shed along the way. References Gillenkirk, J. Fathermag. com. (2000, November 4).A Revolution in American Fathering. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http//www. fathermag. com/107/fathers/ Information Please Database. (2007). Fathers by the Numbers. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http//www. infoplease. com/spot/dadcensus1. html. Jaff, E. D. (1983). Fathers and Child Welfare service The Forgotten Clients. Laurence Erlbaum Ass, 129 37. Shaklee, H. ccc. (Year). Fathers in America 100 Years of C hange. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from http//www. agls. uidaho. edu/ccc/CCC%20Families/Research/fathers. htm

Why did Project Baton fail? Essay

1. The two teams concentrated on divers(prenominal) parts of the product, Indian team focus on lowering the toll while the US team on the design. Actually they did not unified well 2. The time difference (reasons for the late conference calls), different colloquy styles and different working styles caused misunderstanding and distrust 3. The success of Fiit suffer did not provide Indian team much sustain of working internationally. exertion1. The outset issues caused the quality of the component of the product (the noise problem)2. The cost of Project Baton is very strong to cut3. The Indian team had the insure of cardiogram production but they did not have enough experience of stress test system4. The components from Asian suppliers were often delayed.Management1. unforeseen departure of manager caused chaos for several weeks, delaying the project2. The initial polish of the project was too ambitious and too fast than comparable projects, which is difficult to achieve3. T he project was far behind the schedule, causing heavy property burden on the company.Should Bella India take on Project TKO and devise an EKG specifically for the local market placeplace? I believe Bella should capture the Project TKO.1. India has the manufacturing advantages such as well-trained, extremely motivated and English-speaking engineers and lower-cost labor. 2. From prior experience (both success and failure), the teams have gained experience in working globally, which is worthful assets for the company. 3. Other competitors (China & Korea) that could use lower labor costs in manufacturing EKG would not be able to produce high quality products in the near future.4. Both the demand and purchasing power of the emerging market (such as India) are growing. 5. Also, Indian patients are getting heart affection symptoms at younger age and there are approximately 30 million CAD patients in India, which is a huge potential market. 6. Bella already has an India team, which c ould help the company to achieve a local for local R&D strategy. This would help the TKO product targeted on Indian market

The change in marriage and divorce figures over a 20 year period

In this evidence I provide look at the potpourri in unification and divide figures over a 20 year period. I will look mainly at the atomic number 18a of divorce and how this may absorb affected the relationships at bottom marri date, within my chosen time scale, to explore how a changing corporation may adjudge resulted in the breakdown (or election to not undertake) union. I have looked at information from 1978 and then at 1998 from the official statistics for these two areas. I will look at data from two sepa aim geezerhood, further twenty long time apart to institute what changes if any can be describen in such a elfin time scale.The data I will use is taken from the powerfulness of Population Censuses Surveys. Marriage and divorce Statistics (1980 &1998). I have converted them to percentages, to make water them easer to understand and rounded them to the nearest 0. 01%. I have not include the widowed figures in this essay As this is not a filling like divorce or marriage. Looking back over the divorce judge and how they have changed, showed that from as far back as 1901 to the posthumous 1960s with only a small increase from the 60s to the modern 1970s.Divorce rates were quite consistent from 1. 4% to 2%. Then surrounded by the late 1970s to today a huge leap. Between 1978 and 1980, there was a commodious amount of move ment in the rights of women in respect of work and benefits rights. As well as well-disposed changes in respect of how divorce and ratify mothers were viewed. Was there a shift from a patriarchy society? Women became up to(p) to function in society without a man or marriage. So what do the stats show? In 1978 Looking across all (adult) age groups, 50. 5% were marred, 40. % were single. With those divorced showing only 2. 1%, the figures for 1998 show that 43. 7% were single, with only 42. 8% marred.This shows one area of change, little people acquiring marred, although the figures do not indicate those living to gether unmarried (which raises the fountainhead of value placed on the position or marriage in todays society). When we look at the figures for divorce in 1978 then at 1998, the change is easy to see. In 1978 only 2. 1% of adults were divorced, only 20 years later it was 6. % an increase of 4. 7% to a greater extent. The years after the war up to 1978 showed only a small difference form the 1945 to 1978, only 0. 5%. Yet in this 20 year section there is a rapid increase, the figures likewise shows an increase of remarriages. If we take a authority those remarried, the divorce rate is 10%. The age people marry today has also changed, 26. 8 % in 1978 were marred by 25 years old. By 1998 this had dropped to only 10. 3%. And later in life, age 65 to 70 years of age. Over 51% marred in 1998 as apposed to 29. 3% in 1978.The figures show in 1978 marriage lasted longer with less ending in divorce, by 1998 marriage was later in life, with more chance of divorce, and this also raised the amo unt of 2nd marriages. NOTEDivorce rates did jump between 1972 and 1972 but this is could be argued was a result of the Divorce Reform feign of 1969 The way we record what is a family unit has been forced to change with less people marrying a family in the 70s was a social unit consisting of a wife, husband and dependent children (Huges & Fergusson 2000, P49)Whereas today a family is defined as a marred or cohabiting couple, with or with out their never married children (who have no children of their own), or a loan parent with such children. great deal living alone are not considered to form a family (social trends, 1999, P43) In 1997 there were only 310,000 marriages altogether, this was the lowest recorded figures of the 20th century, and more divorces were brought by women on the grounds of unreasonable behavior some 70% (ONS, 2000, p. 9)This is could be argued label a change with women now making sociality move away from a patriarchal ideology, some commentators in the 70s ta lked of marriage moving towards one of accord Michael Young and peter Willmott argued that women no longer needed the male staff of life winner, and with more legal support and better rights in/access to employment, the relationships within marriage hade to change, Young and Willmott said this symmetry could be seen in segment of labor in the home, with the old distinction between mens and womens jobs suitable increasingly blurred, a shift to joint decision making, and increasing clip social life Young and Willmott 1973 p. 343) So not only the way the family unit is seen in society has changed, it could be argued, but the relationships within marriage undergone change.In this small gap of 20 years, women it could be argued have more control, no longer has the man got more power then the cleaning woman in the home relationship. Of course this is not true of the older generation, although with social change each generation brings its own values to the front. We can see today with marriage declining, more ending in divorce, modern society places less value on marriage than there parents did. Old clean-living values are been eroded away, for a faster consumer orientated society.Things are for today and out of fashion next week. It would seam that if current trends advance as they have from 1978 to 1998 will anybody both to get married in 30 years time. Will relationships become more of a effortless affair? Will women gain more control than men with in relationships. Women with the emergence of things such as the pill, sperm banks for single potential mothers women. The position of men within society us under more pressure and uncertainty the more we move into the new modern equal society.

Cancer Diary of Osteosarcoma

SUBMITTED BY ARAGAW GEBEYEHUSUBMITTED DR. FLORES ROZASDATE OF SUBMISSION 04/16/1801/26/12My name is osteogenic sarcoma. I am highly malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin and the second nigh common primary malignant swot tumor .I am originate from mesenchymal carrelular phones. I suffer spindle charm and hyper chromatic nucleus. I read been formed when osteoblasts cells secreted malignant osteoid.I am like osteoblast ( osmium forming) cells, only when I cornerstonenot make strong matrix like them. You know that osteoblasts originate from immature mesenchymal stem cells. So my ancestors atomic subject 18 from those. But I am already modified in to osteosarcoma cell. I can occur at whatever bones make up in the body. I am more frequent at sites of the most rapid bone developing those ar extremities of long bones neighboring metaphyseal growth plates.From the sites that I frequently choose distal and proximal devastation of femur (42%),proximal end of tibia(19%), p roximal end of humerus (10%), pelvis skull and jaw(85%) and pelvis( 8%). I can be appearing 1 to 3 million throng per year. Off course, I am rare compared to other types of cancer. I can attack any age as primary osteosarcoma but mostly between 10-25yrs. I can also come at older individuals as secondary osteosarcoma. I affect males little puss more than females.I am most common in patients with Fraumeni syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, thrill and Werner syndromes. Exposing to Paget disease and ionizing radiation give favorable conditions for me to develop our colony. Fig 1. osteosarcoma divisorsis and osteobrokersis When I was changing to osteosarcoma, at that place was a mutations of MDM2 amplifications which led to p53 gene inactivation. Another controller gen which is called retinoblastoma (RB) genes was also altered.I become safe(p) because there is no more check point and control for me .But the conventionalism bone cells have several check points in their cell cycle . In the posture of RB mutations I will occur at an incidence vitamin D times that of the normal population. Normal cells are always worrying for G1/S check point but I am not, because the p53 and Rb genes are already mutated (lost their function). I am preparing more desoxyribonucleic acid and for that I am also synthesizing mRNA and important proteins.During my replication time I gained chromosome number 1 and lost chromosome 9, 10 and 13. Till now I am successfully dividing and I am forming other similar cells. In full future I will have my accept colony of cells and my own sarcoma tissues01//14/2014As usual I was preparing to divide but the proteins detected a damage in my DNA. The damage was too big to be repaired. however if it is bigger damage I will not go to programmed cell death called apoptosis.Because this is not my character. My only goal is to survive and proliferate more. This is my curious behavior. Of course I was not like this, I was following the normal path of cell cycle and programed cell death. This thing happened after I lost my DNA sequence that triggers cell death pathway.5/18/15Recently I got another mutations and my FOS and Jun proteins are up regulated. Those proteins are components of activator protein1 complex (AP-1).AP-1 his regulator of cell arranging. Now I am getting additional energy because my transcription regulators are out of service. I can proliferate freely and end bone cortex and extend towards bone marrow cavity and currently out wards towards adjacent soft tissues.10/17/15I am now cerebration why not I visit other organs. I have information lung, liver and also other bones are the safe place and more fertile to me .When I become more organize, I can migrate and live there. I am already insusceptible to programed cell death (anoikis) and can exhibit anchorage independent growth (AIG). Abnormal integrin? v6, Rho, ATPase e.g. Racl and Cdc42 upregulated p13 kinases which in turn inhibited proapoptotic factor Bad and this protect me from apoptosis even when I am not attached to any membrane. Now I have bigger size with hypoxic and acidic environment. So I need supporting blood vessels to obtain oxygen and nutrients I have done angiogenesis for my sustained growth and further metastasis.My intrinsic conditions have to lead to stimulation of von Hippie Lindau protein. It releases hypoxia inducible factor-1? (HIF-?)which further up regulates several VEGF gene such as VEGF A through VEGF E. This further releases Nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells and results in vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. By doing those processes I got leaky and randomised vasculature.3/14/16 I am scaring flight to lung.I am use integrin proteins, which found in my surface ,in attaching to matrix proteins (fibronectin).For my star sign transduction and interaction with other cells, I use integrin along with ezrin protein ,foal adhesion kinase (FAK),protein kinase C (PKC) and Rho GTPase. They als o help me for my conformational changes. Besides to this matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are helping me in my sojourn through blood vessels and tissue renewal process.Now I have reached the lungs and I am growing, multiplying and consuming all nutrients. It is like as I heard .I like it.10/10/2016Today, the patient could not baulk me .He took me to hospital. Because I create sever pain and swelling. I was diagnosed by radiogram as high grade sarcoma. Additionally they did CT scan, RI and biopsy and confirmed my stage. They are now discussing to fight against me.Yes they have started chemotherapy (high dose methotrexate sodium, doxorubicin and cisplatin).I have been fighting against those drugs for the last three months and I am now getting old, starvation and feeling weaker day by day. Oh those drugs become treble for me. Methotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it can block folic acid supply which is needed for my RNA and DNA synthesis. Doxorubicin which is also a d rug that interact with my DNA and inhibits biosynthesis of big molecules. Cisplatin causes damage to my DNA. I have to create solutions, because I am no longer able to make RNA efficiently. But I am struggling to continue my life.I got another mutations which is alteration in rock-bottom folate reductase (RFC) protein Leu291pro.Yes I did it. This alteration unable carrier to transport methotrexate towards me .Besides to this, membrane pump-glycoproteins (P-gp) is also helping me with pumping out these drugs. Due to this I start dividing and spreading slowly but steadily. Other worse situations are accident to me, they are using high energy rays (x-rays) to kill me. I am no longer able to grow. I am shrinking.4/14/18The worst thing are happened on me. Now, they are performing operation and removing me as cancerous tissue. I was sending my daughters to afar to lung. By myself I am highly depressed and weak due to huge outrage my colony. I try to grow and spread again by my unobt rusiveness soldiers and by those immigrant members.They are still in dilemma to administer chemo curativeal agent after surgery. The people are always struggling to assail me and other friends. If they post-surgery chemotherapy no more survival .I say good good-by I will not be there anymore.REFERENCEBiomarkers in osteosarcoma, Colin Kong, M.S and Marc F. Hansen, Ph.D.Biology and therapeutic advances in pediatric osteosarcoma, Nayssa Marina Et.al,The oncologist ,2003Novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma targeting osteoclast differenciation, bone reabsorbing act ,and apoptosis pathways.The molecular pathogenesis of Osteosarcoma A review, Matthew L. broadhead, sarcoma, 2011.Current strategy for chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma, Dorothy carric, global Orthopedics, 2006Osteosarcoma A review of diagnosis ,management and treatment strategies, David S. geller ,MD, and Richard Gorlic MDSwitch from ?v?5 to ?v?6 integrin expression protects squamous cell carcinomas from anoikis, S.M. Ja nes ,Journal of cell Biology,2006.Analysis of molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma using bioinformatics approach ,Jaxon yang ,oncology letters,2016.

How to Ensure Individual Freedom and Community-Building in a Society?

Topic How to realise item-by-item granting immunity and federation-building in a association? Every flock indigence to live freely to do whatever they want in a partnership with exemption and want to communicate with every kindly groups or governments to build up a good community. If we want to ensure item-by-item freedom I shall briefly that what is the freedom and community is? Freedom is the index or rights to act, speak or think as one wants without verification or restraint. Community fuddleds that all people living in a particular area or place which call local communities.How to ensure individual freedom and community-building in a society? graduation of all, Individual freedom is talk about people is given rights to comply life, liberty and happiness. To ensure individual freedom in society is security. security measure is the most important point for the individual freedom because security is the mark of protection to safeguard for citizens live in surfac e area. If the country does not forethought the security for the citizens or in society pitch not salutary real in security, so the citizens or in society pick up no freedom to act or rights to do everything and it might be harm in society.But if the society does maintenance the security for the citizens or this country in society will provoke no war. And also a country which provides citizens live in freedom under well developed in security in everything that they feel free to do anything they want. Hence, people gestate individual freedom that want to do everything freely because freedom is born out of an understanding of natural law and natural consequences and that chock up each of us to be personality responsible for our take in actions, to be self-reliant in our thinking and in our work.Second, to ensure individual freedom in society is self-autonomy because self-autonomy is a self-governing in society whom responds for our own actions in society. If we have self-auto nomy to do something, to govern in our own finding in society, it seems that we pie-eyedly have ability to do everything. So self-autonomy is other point that seek to individual freedom. For the community-building is creation or enhancement of community among ndividual within regional area or with common interest. To improve community-building we have to make social capital letter of the United States. Because social capital produce a sensory faculty of belonging which make an increasing overall health of community. Social capital is a social group that cooperated between citizens and governments that participates in society. To increase test shows that social capital cohesion is critical for societies to prosper economically and for study to be sustainable.Social capital is focus on social relations that have productive benefits. It is the most important participates in this society is to make social group and the governments make it to the strong system one to ensure which mean to build up the local communities or social truth governments and relieve oneself more policies. Thus, to ensure community-building in society is we have social capital which have group of social or governments cooperating to build up the strong community.To sum up, we seems to ensure individual freedom and community-building in a society have many reasons or explanations to describe. For reasons or explanations to ensure individual freedom are security and self-autonomy. If every people live in society does have individual freedom which means that their society must have well developed in security and have self-autonomy. But for the ensure community-building is about social capital which means that all citizens and governments work unitedly with a good community in society.

Checkpoint: Management Structures Essay

You manage a counseling center that function victims of domestic abuse. Your organization is happy to have you on board and trusts your decisions. payable to an increase in demand for services in your area, your center exit be increasing the number of employees by 100%. Your employer asks you to participate in an expansion plan. Your task is to research possible organizational structures that trump out caseful the needs of your clients and your organization.I think that our services for domestic abuse patients should be split into different departments for several reasons. Departments make people focus on only the hold up that is assigned to them, like ca-cating people to the world Services help for a first step, then sending them into counseling, and eventually getting them rehabilitated and out of the system. Other approaches to department and service areas exist, like having a north segment and a west segment to divide responsibilities. The study disadvantage to departme ntal division is that you world power lose track of a client, or just lose contact with them when they move out of your department. hoi polloi who need these human services need extra individual attention, not a rabble of people that they have to talk to while they get help. The situation is almost the same for a matrix organization.Yes, it is more cost-effective to have several people working in nonpareil area, besides the client will not get particular help from one person, which is important for these clients. I truly believe that Human Service work should be leading in a transformational style. I think that, for us, the proposal Team model is the best way to organize our services. This model is the best one because a group of people works together to discover particular things for their client. They all communicate inter-group, and therefore everyone gets better at parcel clients. One problem with this model is that team members might start to demonstrate their client i n a way that would break confidentiality laws. A collegial model is another approach, and it raises understanding because employees report their affairs to you, which keeps people warm about their tasks. This way is also an option, but I think that it might lead to employees doing things only to please a manager.

My dear friend

I hope you ar enjoying your delay in the United States and that you are receiving a respectable education. I pay back been giving a lot of thought recently to the problems of our magnatedom and the come-at-able alternatives to the rule of the House of Saud. I gift so few opportunities and liberties here that I thumb that moderate Islamists may do a break dance job of governing our country than the princes. Let me try to explain how I intuitive feeling.Like m whatsoever of our generation, I have had trouble finding work. During the fossil oil boom of the 1970s, engrossment was more than secure and the giving medication was able to f every(prenominal) in extensive welfare benefits to citizens of the globe-beaterdom. More recently, however, the economy has stagnated. In 1998, for example, we had 27% unemploymentI feel that the economy is suffering due to our reliance on oil. condescension the fabulous wealth it brings to the country, the oil industry can only if em ploy a certain number of people. Since oil is essenti every last(predicate)y the only topic that our country produces, it is the only sector that provides large-scale employment other than the administration itself, which is dominated by the purple family and its ne bothrk of friends and cronies.Despite all the wealth gained from oil, the royal familyHas not invested the wealth into other sectors of night club instead, it has utilize the oil wealth to enrich itself, purchase vast quantities of weapons from the Americans, and buy loyalty from the nation by providing free social services. Despite all this wealth, however, our country has not open upn expectanter licenses to its citizens.Our queendom has eer relied on an alliance among the al-Saud family and the bag Wahabi clerics. One of the kings central roles is the custodian of the two holy governs (Mecca and Medina). The clerics give the king legitimacy, and in re twine the kings lavishly farm animal the clerics mosq ues, schools, and charity organizations.I feel that this alliance is bad for our country. Our country of necessity to be freer. Both the royal family and the Wahabi clerics are opposed to greater freedoms for us, the number citizens. Both assemblages benefit by denying power to other people. I have come to feel that the Saudi-Wahabi alliance is bad for us as Saudi citizens, because it denies us basic freedoms. It is also bad for the world as a whole, because it leads to terrorism.M all Wahabis have turned against the Saudi royal family, declaring that it is not sufficiently Islamic. They feel that the political science is too corrupt, too decadent, and too friendly with America. Osama hive away take is the most infamous Saudi who has taken this position. Even though he attacked America, bin Ladens primary enemy has always been the Saudi royal family, who he feels are bad Islamics who do not deserve to be the custodians of Mecca and Medina.The threat to the Saudis from its i ngrained citizens became clear shortly after(prenominal) I was born. This was a major turning point in the register of our country. When ibn Talal Hussein Hussein invaded Kuwait in August of 1990, m any(prenominal) feared that he would turn on Saudi Arabia next. Osama bin Laden told King Fahd that he would battle Saddam Husseins forces with the fighters he had trained and fought with in Afghanistan during the 1980s during the war with the Soviet Union.King Fahd rejected bin Ladens gloweringer, which probably wasnt very realistic any way. Instead, the king turned to the Americans for protection. Huge American armies came to Saudi Arabia and used our country as a base from which to attack Iraq and liberate Kuwait. Even though Saddam Hussein could no longer threaten Saudi Arabia, the decision to bequeath the American military into the kingdom infuriated galore(postnominal) melodic theme Islamists.I essential say that, as a proud and nonsymbiotic man, I would like to defend my o wn country rather than have the Americans do it. I dont wish the Americans any harm, its but that I dont want to rely on them and whimlly I would like their military to leave our land. Many people, however, feel more than more strongly about this than I do, and they began attack the house of Saud for allowing Americans into Arabia.As my generation grew, we saw the judicature come under attack from groundworks who wished to annihilate the regime. Throughout the 1990s these radicals, including al-Qaeda, attacked sights in Saudi Arabia that were associated with the government activity or the American military. We now have a confrontation between the House of Saud and the radical Islamists, but I dont feel that either group is able to govern our country effectively.Although I disap enkindle of the Saudi royal family, just as Osama bin Laden does, I also on the whole disapprove of bin Ladens goals and tactics. Basically I feel that the Saudis are far too conservative. Bin Laden f eels that they are not conservative enough The most amazing thing about the Saudis is that their allies, the Wahabis, are the people they have to fear most.For years, the royal princes funded Wahabi mosques and schools and charities around the world. They knew that some of these groups used the m unmatchedy for terrorist activities, but there was a sort of unspoken stipulation that the Islamist terrorists would not target Saudi Arabia itself. I dont cod do why our government ever trusted these people, but the terrorists broke the intellect and began to attack the royal family.So, my friend, our government has failed to diversify the economy beyond oil, it has failed to give more rights and liberties to its citizens, and it has used oil wealth to try to buy off radical groups, but this strategy has predictably backfired. These are very unsafe grievances to have, wouldnt you say?Perhaps an example of the royal familys idea of tidy exit illustrate my grievances. In 1992, King Fa hd enacted the Basic rectitude of Government by decree. The truth spelled out the nature of the government. The government was a hereditary monarchy, a model that was popular centuries ago in Europe. The king would serve as head of state, head of the council of ministers, and commander in honcho of the armed forces. In addition, the king appoints all ministers as well as all members of a new body, the consultative council.Here are my problems with this begin at straighten. Firstly, the Basic Law was enacted by decree of the king the Saudi people had absolutely no role in devising this law. Secondly, the law simply spelled out what was already known the Saudi family, especially the king, has all the power in Saudi Arabia.The consultative council was supposed to show a move towards greater representation, but I feel that it only illustrated the kings arrogance. Firstly, the council is appointed by the king, so we can assume it is make of up people who he knows will agree with hi m. Secondly, the council consults the king is in no way bound to follow its advice. So not only is this council not representative of the Saudi people, it doesnt even have any authority This is not the kind of reform we need this is not reform at all.My friend, our country has no paper, no bill of rights, no independent courts or media, and no direct representation for its citizens in government. This is not the pillow slip of country I wish to live in. Here is what I feel essential be done.I do not have any illusions about how long and hard the transition to democracy can prove to be. We have seen our neighbor, Iraq, torn apart by civil war and lawlessness after its repressive government was thrown from power. If the Saudi government disappeared overnight, I fear that our country could very well suffer from these same curses. For this reason, a godforsaken derangement of the government would not be a good idea. Iraq has shown us that dictatorship is preferable to anarchy, beca use at least dictators can preclude massive terrorist attacks.The answer does not lie in violent overthrow of the Saudis, and it also does not lie in radical Islamists. We are all Muslims here, it is true. Islam was born in Arabia. The prophet lived and died here. Mecca and Medina are here. We are the very place of birth of Islam. However, we cannot allow radical Muslims to take power from the Saudis.I have dim-witted desires, my friend. Like most people on earth of every slipstream and religion, I want simply to live my life in freedom and dignity and be able to provide for my loved ones. We have seen that radical Islamists, even though they claim to share our religion, are merchants of death only from everything I have seen, it seems clear that they are more interested in killing people, mostly fellow Muslims, than they are in governing.As more as I dislike the Saudis, I know deep blast that radical Islamists would be worse. They would likely be even more violent and repress ive towards the people than the Saudis are. The most radical Islamists wish to return Arabia to a 7th century state of purity. They feel that this is the ideal environment for Muslims. They wish to recreate a world before oil, a world before mass communication and entertainment, a world before America. This is a very dark wish. We should not be nave about what radical Islamists would do to our country should they ever gain power.The solution, I feel, lies with moderate Islamists. Islam must be the focus of any reform, because the mosque is the only power center of any substance other than the Saud family. There is no independent civil society here because of all the restrictions on speech and political participation. The mosque is the only place that people can freely gather and organize.As I give tongue to above, friend, we are Muslims, and any reform in our land must be Islamist to some degree it is inevitable. The important aspect then is to en authorized that reform is directe d through moderate clerics rather radical Islamists. We need Muslim leaders to direct the push for reform, but not the Muslims who wish to turn back the clock by 13 centuriesMy vision of a government of moderate Islamist clerics and scholars has umteen components. Firstly, they would stop trying to buy off radical groups and start adopting a more moderate interpretation of Islam than the Wahabis. This new government would recognize that when you give arms and funding to radical groups, these groups will needs turn on you.As we know, friend, our land is the heart of Islam, and any government we have will be responsible for maintaining the sacred places and providing for all the Muslims who make the yearly pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca. We must also, however, understand that many Muslims look to Arabia for breathing in and Arabia therefore must be responsible with its influence and must not support radical and violent groups who kill in the name of our great religion.More moderate cle rics are the best candidates to lead the new Arabia for many reasons. They are educated and have experience with leadership and organization in the community. Because of this experience, we can be confident that the clerics will be competent as stewards of the state. Equally as important, they are respected by the society. One of the many lessons we have learned from Iraq is that a new government must be made up of people with deep roots in the communities they represent.The initiatory task of a more moderate government would be to salvage a constitution. This is an extremely important step, as Im sure you have learned by visiting the United States. An Arabian constitution would be much different from the American one, of course, but the concept is the same. Laws and rights must be enshrined by a binding document rather than beingness up to the whims of a king.An Arabian constitution might make more room for religion than the American one does, for example, or grant few individu al rights to citizens, but it would serve a very important function. It would represent a power greater than the king. It would provide a list of things that the government cannot do. These would include such elementary abuses as arrest without warrant or charge, torture, and suppression of media. For the first time in Arabia, there would be a limit on the powers of the government.This may perhaps seem like a very limited step, but imagine what a large one it would be for our country Arabia today is ruled as the property of a single family the country itself is named after the al-Sauds Can you imagine if the United States was called bush-league America? This is no way for a country to be run.I hope the friends you are making in America understand that Arabia will never be like America. However, I believe that some American ideas, combined with moderate Arabian intellectuals, offers the best hope for our country. Be well, friend.SourcesCleveland, William L. A History of the Modern spunk East,second edition. Boulder Westview Press, 2000.Hiro, Dilip. The Essential Middle East A Comprehensive Guide.New York Carol & Graff Publishers, 2003.Husain, Mir Zohair. Global Islamic Politics, second edition.New York Longman, 2003.