Haunted House Essay Example for Free

Haunted House EssayCome on you big baby my friend Ron tell. It was Friday the 13th and we were at a real life haunted house. It wasnt one of those haunted houses they put to matureher for Halloween it was a real life haunted house. Let me start at the beginning. It was Thursday the 12th and me and a couple of my friends decided we were going to go for a walk down the scariest street in the neighborhood, the town, and maybe even the world. relation had it that more than 50% of the houses had murders occur in them.We wanted to check out the Cortez house where a family of 15 had their parents go crazy and started hitting their children from the age of v to the age of 19. I dare Shawn, Austin, and Kate to spend the night in the Cortez house Ron said. Me, Shawn, and Kate all said ok. But then it went even further you open to do it tomorrow on Friday the 13th. We all agreed that was a crazy idea considering no soul has ever gotten within ten feet of that house and lived to recogn ise the story. Maybe a ghost took them away.Maybe the ugly tattered green and yellow worn shades blinded them, maybe the howling wolf whenever mortal walked by did the trick. We all said that we would meet back up here tomorrow after school got out to discuss the matter, after all it was but Thursday. When I got home my mom asked me Austin it is midnight and you have school tomorrow where were you at I smiled and lied I was just hanging out at Rons house mom. Ok she snapped, just dont be late again on a school night.Sorry, mom. Oh yeah, mom buttocks I spend the night at Rons house tomorrow? I asked. yes, I will take you over there when I get off work. This morning I got up and went to school. Then we all met at the haunted house to discuss who was going to do it. Kate and I agreed to it and Ron said he would join, but Shawn didnt want anything to do with it. Come on you big baby Ron said. Then Shawn said No, I would rather live historic the age of 15 , then he ran home and no w he is probably playing Xbox 360. We all brought bats and racquets to protect ourselves. Okay we were going in. I was in front of the pack.I didnt look scared but I was just trying to stand tall and be a faithful leader for my friends. When we got to the steps we could hear the many mice below it. By now Kate was already crying. Keep calm Kate. I said, I wont permit anything happen to you. She quieted down and we headed in. Right when I got through the door I felt the thickly woven spider webs on my face. I saw a huge group of black widows crawling towards us. I started swinging trying to protect my friends and most of all me. We killed most of the fist sized ones then we proceeded to the kitchen where we anchor snakes coiled around everything.I could smelled their reptilian skin and its sliminess. We slowly backed away and decided we would head upstairs and find where all of us would sleep. We pitch one room that was relatively clean and one that seemed to be in perfect cond ition, as if someone had recently lived here. Ron told us that he had to go to the derriere and we said we would protect the door. Ten minutes later we hadnt heard a peep from him so we went in. He was nowhere to be seen. Guys. We heard a voice beneath us yell look under the rug, its amazing down here. We lifted up the rug and found a privy passage.It looked like it was supposed to be an old fashion garbage shoot. We slid down and to our surprise we were in a room filled with treasure. We all filled our pockets and do our way back to the room. We then realized someone else mustve found the gold and was living here, if this was the case we had to get out before the treasure hunter came back and found us stealing. We went home and showed our parent what we found they took it to the bank and got millions. Mom you never go back to that terrible job anymore. We all travel into the haunted house and lived there for the rest of our lives.

Thy Womb and Missing the Target Essay Example for Free

Thy womb and Missing the Target EssayMendozas Thy Womb certainly was not lacking in the areas of cinematography and sound quality. irrelevant regular masa movie houses that repel higher class moviegoers with their slightly pixelated picture and muffled dubbing, Thy Womb boasts a crisp picture with a fitting scoring. Only complementing that is the dyspneic grandeur of the surroundings which includes a stroke of luck for the director with the appearance of two Whale Sharks. However, eye-candy is not enough to capture the hearts of the audience. A fair picture is only just a picture when the message being conveyed is not seen by the viewers.That is my concern with Thy Womb.The plot was very slow-paced. Although the conflict was introduced very too soon in the deal, the resolution to this dragged on really long in what Hollywood films would compress into ten minutes or so. For a viewer like me who is apply to fast progressing story lines, the sluggish development was quite a turn-off. That is a big issue since the audience today is used to things like instant drinking chocolate and fast loading times for web videos. It is possible for the viewers to be focused on how the plot is so dragging that they miss the point of the film. That could be the reason for the films poor perfor realityce in cinemas.A critical eye however, would find a certain elegance in how the film slowly develops its club and characters. After further analysis, I was able to discern a possible point being driven at by the film. The film seems to dilly-dally with scenes and events that have nothing to do with the actual conflict, the search for a second married woman for Bangas-An. These scenes however, have a theme when put together. They feature how the community values usage and religion. Several festivals, rituals, and practices were featured in the film. Some were performed at the expense of the safety of involved parties. Especially focused on is the tradition of set the hus bands wishes over the wife and how women are treated as objects in such a patriarchal community. From these it can be said that Thy Womb features a Badjao community in Tawi-Tawi that values tradition above all else. It is this regard for custom that drives each character as the film progresses.The community as a whole is very much immersed in their tradition. One scene shows the village participating in a festival in the sea, racing boats. and so more of their custom is showcased with a wedding ceremony as well as the meeting of wife prospects for Bangas-An. It is evident that so much value is rigid on their traditions that it overshadows their concern for their relationships and safety. speckle fishing, Bangas-An was shot by thieves. Shaleha nursed him to health and they went back to fishing again despite this danger. This shows that their custom and livelihood of fishing in that respect is what they have grown accustomed to and they would rather go through that again than have to change. Another scene that shows such an attitude is the wedding ceremony mentioned previously. While the couple is doing their dance, gunfire is heard and the crowd panics but the couple is told to continue dancing.Their patriarchal mindset is also demonstrated by various scenes. At the beginning, Shaleha expresses her thirst to adopt. However, Bangas-An preferred to have his own kids and just remarry. Then women are treated like objects in stores as their hand in marriage would have to be bought using dowries. Bangas-An chose his wife based on the price and beauty, not romantic attachment.This value for custom in a patriarchal environment allows the audience to take care the driving force of the couples actions. Bangas-An and Shaleha obviously have a healthy marriage. One scene shows Bangas-An giving Shaleha expensive clothing for no apparent reason. Then the couple make love despite its fruitlessness. however then, Bangas-Ans desire to have a child of his own blood oversha dows their marriage and forces them to separate. His refreshed wife tells him that after the first child she bears him, he would have to leave Shaleha.Only reinforcing the point that the community values tradition above all else, he does make the deal and cuts ties with Shaleha after his first child is born. Shaleha does not go against this because of the patriarchy. Throughout the movie, she herself deals with Bangas-Ans remarriage even if she was not comfortable with the whole thing. Shecooperated with all the rituals and negotiations. But then only putting emphasis on the actual place of women in that community, in the end she was put aside by the very man she helped.In the end, the slow pace of the movie actually had purpose. Every part that featured custom showed how the community was very involved and hands-on in tradition and religion. Each scene with the couple only showed how much they loved each other. This only fortified the reasoning for Bangas-Ans decision to take his new wife over Shaleha. With this, the movie actually presents conflicting emotions and sentiment every character feels. It was not a montage of dilly-dallying after all, but a subtle modal value of sending a message.

Financial regulation in United Kingdom

fiscal order in unify KingdomIntroductionWhat policy-maker should do to improve the system of rules of pecuniary command to achieve its objectives more in effect becomes a hot topic in particular after the financial crisis 2008. More and more people begin to pay attention to financial rule. concord to a trace from FSA in 2009, the spontaneous awareness of financial rule amongst people living in Great Britain aged 16 was 21% and it is the highest level since the survey began1.This essay will analyse financial regulation in United Kingdom into three perspectives the first part will explain how the system of financial regulation operates in the United Kingdom. Then, the reasons why financial go perseverance should be manage by regulation such as FSA, and new challenges in this system in response to the financial crisis 2008 will be discussed in second part, last(a) part will be some problems with the current system in my point of view to better protect the economy and con sumer.The financial regulation system in United KingdomFirst of all, a shortened follow-up of the history in the late 20th century of financial regulation system in United Kingdom may be essential and useful to establish a better background and deeper understanding. Londons financial district is known as The City for many years, until the end of 1970s in that location was no specific banking law in the UK, however, prompted by the secondary banking crisis in 1972, the Banking Act 1979 was promulgated and assigned formal responsibility for command of the UK banks (Heffernan 2007)2. The evolution of the UKs financial sphere since the early 1980s raft be thought of as the gradual confluence of three previously quite separate streams. These are the primary banking sector, monitored and supervised by the Bank of England the organized markets in the City, and the rest of the financial sector, including building societies and insurance companies and licensed securities dealers, each o f these steams exhibited momentous differences in the style and character of regulation, especially in the repose surrounded by statutory and self-regulation(Blair)3. As the consequence of the Stock Exchanges Big Bang, which means a series of financial reforms to encourage greater competition, the localise of fiscal service Act (1986) was to protect investors. One year after, the Bank Act 1987 was amended to the Banking Act 1979, this Act established a new get on of Bank Supervision, which assists the Bank of England in regulating other(a) banks.The closure of BCCI (1991) and the bankruptcy of Barings (1995) exposed the problems of the supervisory programy abilities of the Bank of England and the drawbacks of the self-regulation (Heffernan, 2007)4. On 20 May 1997, the Chancellor of the treasury announced the reform of financial services regulation. In this resolution, banking supervision and investment services regulation were merged into the Securities and Investments Board (SIB), which changed its depict to the Financial Services laterality in October 1997. Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 made the FSA became the sole regulator of all United Kingdom financial institutions. Since that time, FSA took the responsibility for all aspects of financial regulation progressively. According to the Financial Services and Markets Act, several other organisations responsibilities were transferred to the FSA, such as Building Societies Commission, Friendly Societies Commission, and Investment Management Regulatory Organisation. FSA supervises the financial services industry as an independent non- establishmental body, given statutory powers by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 We are a company limited by guarantee and financed by the financial services industry. The Treasury appoints the FSA Board, which currently consists of a Chairman, a Chief Executive Officer, two Managing Directors, and ten non-executive directors (including a lead non-execu tive member, the Deputy Chairman). This Board sets our general policy, that day-to-day decisions and management of the staff are the responsibility of the Executive. FSA has four statutory objectives, maintaining confidence in the financial system, promoting public understanding of the financial system, securing the abstract degree of protection for consumers and reducing the extent to which it is possible for a business to be used for a purpose connected with financial crime (FSA, 2005)5.According to Heffernan (2007)6, FSA tries to make a balance between risk and competition. RTO (risk to our objectives) approach is used widely to manage the risk in firms that supervised by the FSA (except the telecommunications and utilities sectors, etc), RTO also gives a score of probability of a certain firm to be a target for preventing the FSA from achieving its four statutory objectives. The score is easily calculated through bear upon score = ( regard of the problem) * (probability of th e problem arising)Each firm will be scored from A (very high risk) to D (low risk), and the score will also indicate the strength of supervision that FSA implements in a firm.Being a member of EU, UK financial regulation is influenced by EUs regulation in financial service industry, which is Financial Service doing Plan. An article named The EU Financial Services Action Plan A Guide7(2003), which prepared by HM Treasure, the Financial Services Authority and the Bank of England, introduced that UK financial law was effectively determined by the FSAP. It means that any UK financial regulation should not be conflict contradictory, and the UK authorities should be keen to secure that the UK financial sector, corporate sector and consumer groups are consulted on, and fully understand the impact of, FSAP measures. European Commission uses FSAP to improve EU financial markets to be a adept Market, FSAP aims to fill gaps and eliminate remaining barriers among all EU members. Furthermore, in order to make EU financial services worked more effectively, Lamfalussy process was launched by EU Committee. It is a four-level, regulatory approach for adoption. Trying to consider the relationship between FSA and FSAP, the article also addressed that the FSA not only has extreme influence in UKs financial services, but also make its own contributions in EU, HM Treasury, the FSA and the Bank play key roles in identifying, influencing, promoting and overseeing the UKs interests in financial services in the EU. Promoting public understanding of the financial system and ensuring an appropriate degree of protection for consumers are objectives of FSA which also inform in EU.Why we need financial services industry to be regulatedA brief history of UK financial regulation, which was introduced at the beginning of this article, may be a part of the whole picture. However, there are other extremely important reasons that hastened the coming of a type of financial regulation represente d by FSA.At first, it is shut up necessary to review an important feature, which is self-regulation, in the development of the FSA. Self-regulation has proved to be an effective and reasonably efficient system for the British securities industry until very recently8 (Rider). However, just like the diachronic review that illustrated above, with the upward rising of s passeldals and the dramatic change in security market, the foundation of the monopoly of self-regulation mechanism was challenged before the emergence of the super-regulator. Although FSA 1986 seemed that make a balance between statutory framework and self-regulation, the financial regulation system was still largely depended on self-regulation. The issue of mis-selling pensions has the most impact to make the government to make the final decision to end the self-regulation. Public confidence was signifi washbowltly lost in psycheal pensions at that time and the truth that SIB lack adequate enforcement powers to seiz e regulatory actions precipitated the process of giving financial service industry a statutory regulation system. After FSMA 2000, FSAs enforcement is safeguarded and the whole financial system in United Kingdom has leaned to be supervised in statutory way rather than self-regulated.The stinting rationale for regulation will be examined as follow. According to an article, The sparingal Rationale for Financial Regulation9, written by David Llewelyn (1999), he analyses several reasons why there is a demand for a systematic regulation in economic world. Firstly, there are potential systemic risks in financial industry especially in banking industry. The main systemic risk is bank run, and worse still this can leads to a solvent bank becoming insolvent since the limitation of most bank assets to be marketable, and due to asymmetric information problems, bank assets cannot be sold at par as potential buyers, these will add a high risk premium in the purchase price. Therefore, for the s ake of depositors and banking institutions, a type for regulation on the bases of systemic risk is necessary. Secondly, market is not perfectly competitive. The main reason of market imperfection is that not all the investors can get adequate information of a certain market which they are engaging in, and this will impose costs on the consumer. Consequently, regulation plays a significant role to make sure the process of information disclosure and reinforce an effective market environment. In the article, he also explained the economies of scale in monitoring. Because of the nature of financial contracts between financial firms and their customers there is a need for continuous monitoring of the behaviour of financial firms. Regulatory agencies should monitor the financial firms in the name of consumers, since regulatory agencies are more effective and cost less in monitoring financial firms.After financial crisis 2008Almost all of the financial regulation agency aim to maintain the stability of the financial market and consumers confidence however, the change of real market circumstance seems faster than policy-makers precautionary measures.According to a speech, The financial crisis and the future of financial regulation10 from Adair Turner, the Chairman of the FSA, he explained the main reason why this extreme crisis happened is the interaction between macroeconomic imbalances and the fast development in financial market which happened last ten years. In his speech, since the decline of the real risk free rates of interest, such as government bonds, credit citation was got a chance of dramatic growth especially in residential industry with deteriorated credit standards. Moreover, a desire to find a substitute for government bonds among investors who want to gain as much as possible spread above the risk-free rate was exploded. Sophisticated investment banks created a new chassis of securitized credit instruments and it boomed so quickly, but unfortunately , like Lord Turner said Not all innovation is jibely useful, it collapsed since the investors became irrational. To reduce the adverse impact in economy, rebuild the investor confidence and avoid future crisis, he pointed several strategies that regulators may concentrate on improving the regulation system. He argued that financial system should dispose originate and distribute model which refer to securitized credit model easier to be understood, and more transparent to end investors. He also suggested that a new regime for outstanding adequacy and liquidity is necessary to lower the possibility of future crisis. In the end of his speech, he emphasized that financial regulation should always underwrite that financial activities are regulated on the basis of their economic substance instead of their legal form. In the Turner Review11 published by FSA in abut 2009, there are more specific approaches about banking supervision that FSA plans to change and introduce. All the recom mends can be highly summarized to be seven key measures as followIncreasing the quantity and quality of bank capital.Significant increases in trading book capital and the need for fundamental review.Avoiding procyclicality in Basel 2 implementation.Creating counter-cyclical capital buffers.Offsetting procyclicaality in published accounts.A gross leverage ratio backstop.Containing liquidity risks in individual banks and at the systemic level.(FSA, 2009)After the financial crisis happened, FSA has been undertaking great actions to improve regulation system. For example, according to FSA yearly Report 2008/0912, the Banking Act 2009 is mainly able to resolve default problem and strengthen financial stability as a result, a new bank insolvency procedure was introduced. A statement from FSA about Banking Act 2009 from FSA in July 2009 claimed that the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) can not only pay compensation to eligible customers of a financial firm if that firm inclu ding deposit takers is unable, or likely to be unable, to pay claims against it but also can also be required to contribute to the costs arising from the actions taken under the SRR.13 In addition, FSA increased the general depositor protection limit from 35,000 to 50,000 per person per deposit-taking institution which will cover most of retail deposits in October 2008. In the aspect of supervising firms capital adequacy, FSA made efforts to let firms which have most impact know essential controls and standards by Dear CEO letter. Closely cooperated with EU and global regulation, FSA played an important role in G20 London Summit in April 2009, which focused on the future priorities for global financial regulation, and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Many recommendations, which became detailed international agreements, were from FSA. According to FSA Business Plan 2009/1014, the FSA will intensively focus on the competence of Significant Influence Functions (SIF) individuals in high-impact firms. The Plan announced five core improvements that FSA will be focus on, which included an upgraded preparedness and Competence (TC) scheme for relationship-management supervisors, a new tenure policy (it will provide a framework for the minimum and maximum time a supervisor should manage a firm).My view in current UKs financial supervisory systemDuring the accumulation of the knowledge of the history about the development of UKs financial regulation and the causes of financial crisis 2008, I find it is a process that the financial regulation continuously suits the changeable financial services industry, financial regulations solutions seem behind a certain innovations in financial market which has already begun cause negative effects in the whole economy. Financial crisis 2008 is evidence to prove that if financial regulation does not detect potential problems in a certain financial innovation and does not make adjustment promptly, a new crisis would be needs a nd it would cost a lot to correct the system along the right track. Therefore, an important lesson from crisis 2008 is financial regulation should always pay close attention to the contemptible direction of the market and fully analyses a financial innovation. A suggestion in my point of view is that financial regulation may has legislative to check over and estimate potential risk within a new financial product before it begin it to sell, and this procedure may require close cooperation with connect financial institution.On the other hand, financial crisis 2008 make regulators intensively focus on risk-based analysis especially in banking or like-banking institutions, but it should not equal to discourage financial innovation. Almost all the financial derivatives contain risk, while, as long as regulators estimate it appropriately, these new financial products that contained huge intelligence can benefit consumers.ConclusionBeing a single financial regulator in United Kingdom, F inancial Services Authority has powers which was given by Financial Services and Market Act (FSMA) to supervise Britain financial industry. Demand for such kind of regulation can be observed in history and economic perspectives. Financial crisis 2008 as a prelude to FSA reinforces its system, supervision in banking industry become more intensively. The crisis also gave regulators a lesson that it is necessary to establish a balance between surpluses and deficits on the global level in the long-term, in addition, prudential analysis should be in a more effective way in order to reduce systematic risk. Finally, not just FSA, but all the other financial regulations should cooperate closely to build a more inactive global financial system and avoid future crisis.Word Count 2564/2500ReferenceConsumer awareness of the FSA and financial regulation, Consumer Research 80, FSA, 2009Heffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp.200-242Blair et al, Financial Services and Mark ets Act 2000, pp. 1-16Heffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp. 231-232FSA, 2005, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/Pages/About/Who/History/index.shtmlHeffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp. 235-237THE EU FINANCIAL SERVICES ACTION PLAN A GUIDE, 31 July 2003, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/fsap_guide.pdfRider, Abrams and Ashe, Guide to Financial Services Regulation, pp. 1-26The Economic Rationale for Financial Regulation, FSA Occasional Paper Series 1, April 1999, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/occpapers/OP01.pdfThe financial crisis and the future of financial regulation, Speech by Adair Turner, The Economists maiden City Lecture, 21 January 2009The Turner Review A regulatory response to the global banking crisis, FSA, March 2009, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/turner_review.pdfFSA Annual Report 2008/09, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/ corporate/Annual/ar08_09.shtmlPolicy Statement 09/11, Banking and compensation reform, FSA, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/ pubs/policy/ps09_11.pdfFSA Business Plan 2009/10, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Corporate/Plan/bp2009.shtmlConsumer awareness of the FSA and financial regulation, Consumer Research 80, FSA, 2009Heffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp.200-242Blair et al, Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, pp. 1-16Heffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp. 231-232FSA, 2005, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/Pages/About/Who/History/index.shtmlHeffernan, S. (2007). Modern banking. John Wiley Sons, Ltd, pp. 235-237THE EU FINANCIAL SERVICES ACTION PLAN A GUIDE, 31 July 2003, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/fsap_guide.pdfRider, Abrams and Ashe, Guide to Financial Services Regulation, pp. 1-26The Economic Rationale for Financial Regulation, FSA Occasional Paper Series 1, April 1999, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/occpapers/OP01.pdfThe financial crisis and the future of financial regulation, Speech by Adair Turner, The Economists Inaugural City Lecture, 21 January 2009 The Turner Review A regulatory response to the global banking crisis, FSA, March 2009, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/turner_review.pdfFSA Annual Report 2008/09, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Corporate/Annual/ar08_09.shtmlPolicy Statement 09/11, Banking and compensation reform, FSA, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/policy/ps09_11.pdfFSA Business Plan 2009/10, http//www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Corporate/Plan/bp2009.shtml

Web 2.0 and web 1.0 Applications

clear 2.0 and blade 1.0 Applications1. WEB 2.0 1.1 THE SOCIAL READ/WRITE WEB AN INTRODUCTION We awake(p) in age of didactics where flow of information is constant and internet plays an important role in this flow of information share and exchange. The world is on figure tips due to the advancement in technologies. All this rick possible due to land Wide mesh which caexercising to made globe as community. Technology and information become obsolete so quickly. Now we are in era of blade 2.0 According to Tim Orielly Web 2.0 is the network as platform, spanning al whizz connected devices Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most of the intrinsic advantages of that platform delivering software as a continually-update service that gets better the more the great unwashed use it, consuming and remixing data from multiple sources, including individual substance ab exploiters, while providing their own data and services in a form that books remixing by others, creating netw ork effects through and through an architecture of participation, and going beyond the foliate metaphor of Web1.0 to deliver rich user experiences (Orielly, 2004). According to Alan smith 2.0 does not show whatsoever specific increase in web version its only the way the use of web change (Smith, 2009). Murugesan define Web 2.0 as second phase in the Webs evolution, which take in IT professionals, businesses, and Web users. Further more he keeps that Web 2.0 is wisdom Web, people-centric Web, participative Web, and read/write Web (Murugesan, 2007).Web 2.0 is people Power web shows the web logging success, user review, impression communion (Anderson, 2006) and observe called it gift culture due to users contribution as participation (Mason Rennie, 2007). In learning and teaching process effective evolution of engineering science, sizeableness of active participation, critical thinking, hearty presence, collaboration and two way communications are also important (Beldarrin, 2006). Web2.0 provides more effective interaction and collaboration, investigation for the shipway of using blogs effectively, wikis, podcasts and social network which also utilise in education. The main characteristic of these tools called Web 2.0, which shows active participation from user in the issue of origin process (Usluel Mazman, 2009). Web 2.0 social networking applications, allows users not only to find issue information about others, but also to connect with others through linking to their profiles, joining and creating group, and top executive to send public and private messages to their friends for example Face book, MySpace, and manduction with them their happy moments as on Picasa and flicker. It has changed the static information to more active, active and responsive participation, mankind and sharing of limits.On the biases of Orielly definition Markus Angermeier prepared a mind map for web 2.0 which explain the rouge concepts. These important concepts of Web 2.0 include Usability, Standardization, role, Remixability, Economy, participation and convergence.Usability is one of the key factors of web 2.0. According to LewisWeb 2.0 applications tend to look more analogous desktop applications than Web pages they rush simple interfaces with plain colours and no worry patterns, logos, or animation. They provide a richness of Interaction previously found only in desktop applications (Lewis, 2006).He further write about the dynamic content of web 2.0 and information gathering and assembling of information on a single page. The source of information is blogs which are like online diaries, resource sharing which allow users to share their favourite web links and other resource like tags (Lewis, 2006). Example systems include del.icio.us and bibsonomy.org. Web 2.0 fulfils the standardization requirements of (W3C) for applications development and content generation. programme provide rich look and feel with practical user-interface, ey e catching appearance and ease of use. Remixability is the facility that Web 2.0 offers where an application can be remixed with unlike set of other minor applications together to form a tonic and more interactive application.The introduction of Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX breaks this fixed page based model in several ways. Traditional web sites depend on a page update model where each interaction results in an entire page refresh Web 2.0 applications allow part page updates (Pilgrim, 2008). For example, Google Maps do not require an entire page to be refreshed when the user selects a preferred view. Google system gets the data that lies outside of the edge of the map in frame with out refreshing whole page and allow user to grab the map and drag it without any interruption (Zucker, 2007). Gmail also uses AJAX technology in similar fashion to update the little portion of page when new email arrives (Pilgrim, 2008).1.2 WEB 1.0 VS WEB 2.0 According to Musser and OReilly (2006) Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the cyberspacea more mature, distinctive medium characte modernized by user participation, openness, and network effects.The main difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 is creation and presentation of content. In Web 1.0 the majority of users acting as consumers of content, while in Web 2.0 user can actively participate in content creation and sharing and thither are various technologies available to create the content to its maximum potential. The free nature of Web 2.0 allow users to create exchange and share contents of any kind (text, audio, video) and tag, comment, and link Pages inwardly group or outside the group. A popular improvement in Web 2.0 is mashups, which combine or make content in fresh forms (Cormode Krishnamurthy, 2008). For example, street addresses are linked with a map Web site to visualize the locations. This type of site linkage provides facility to create additional link between records of any database with other database. In web 1.0 people implicitly put links of interesting resources to their personal home pages. hypertext mark-up language form tags spread across entire web with no facility of tag base browsing, face engines were using this text as source of web page to improve the quality of search, it limits the tagging in web 1.0 and which restrict collaborative interaction and collective intelligence of community (Brine Page, 1998).While web 2.0 every one can participate in tagging as it become very easy task and become the key characteristic of portals. Due to the large scale of the tagging community, portals like del.icio.us have accumulated decent annotations in the form of tags for numerous resources. These tags are used for search and navigation and Google AdSenseform easy-to-read summaries for the described resources (Kinsella, et al., 2008)Tim OReilly in his Article What Is Web 2.0 Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, 2005 describe the difference of web1.0 and web2.0 as followsWeb1.0Web2.0DoubleClickGoogle AdSenseOfotoFlickrAkamaiBitTorrentmp3.comNapsterBritannica OnlineWikipediapersonal websitesbloggingEviteupcoming.org and EVDBdomain name speculatiosearch engine optimizationpage viewscost per break downscreen scrapingWeb servicespublishingparticipationcontent management systemswikisdirectories (taxonomy)tagging (folksonomy)stickinesssyndication(Table 1.0 What is Web 2.0 OReilly, 2005)According to Gibson dynamic updates is one of the important characteristic of web2.0 and this is adopt through AJAX technology (Gibson, 2007). Web2.0 websites respond user request such as email checking or instant chatting. Web2.0 applications also provide automatic updates such as stock quotes, sports scores and other information (Gibson, 2007). Mostly news sites like BBC, Sky Newsetc. continuously updating providing instant information.Web2.0 encourages t he active participation from the users to access content and interaction with each other on the Web (Pilgrim, 2008). The content of Web 1.0 was read-only and static. Whereas the transformation of web to changed the read-only web to read-write web enabled user active and collaborative participation. The preceding(prenominal) graph shows that how persistent growth in internet usage according to the facts provided by meshwork humanness Stats with in a decade its usage rise from 361 million to 1650 million users world wide. At the early stages content of web were static in their nature and they are publish for reading purpose thither were no interaction between users and user generated content are at ignorable scale. As the number of users raise it change the way of content presentation and offspring on internet and users start active participation and involvement in the content and collective intelligence increased through this social read/write web. The change brought by Web 2.0 i n content publishing and consumption evidently shows the divergence between static web (web1.0) and dynamic web (web2.0). Web 2.0 provides pages with dynamic content which not only can be read by browsers or readers but with the capability of writing, collaborating and sharing knowledge at the uniform time. 1.3 WEB 2.0 ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES There are a number of Web 2.0 services and applications available which provide the foundation of Read/Write web. These tools allow users to create, abbreviate and modify the content of information with collaboration. Web 2.0-based communities occupy virtual spaces that are open, self-organizing, adaptive, agile, readily accessible, and easy to use (Sabina Leone, 2009). A Web 2.0 platform has shared human body of services to support a collaborative and distributed environment in which users can connect, share, comment and create new content or software tools (Sabina Leone, 2009).Services offered within the Web 2.0 framework offers evolutio nary services of the Internet history. To be active on internet firms have no choice but to find out an appropriate role using web2.0. Most major firms, including BMW, IBM, Google, and umteen others, are positioning them-selves to find their strategic place, appropriate place and fit within these developments (Wigand, benzoin Birkland, 2008).In todays web we find polar type of content. According to Paul Anderson (2007) These include blogs, wikis, multimedia sharing services, content syndication, podcasting and content tagging services. Many of these applications of Web technology are relatively mature, having been in use for a number of years, although new features and capabilities are being added on a regular basis It is worth noting that many of these newer technologies are concatenations, i.e. they make use of existing services.In this section I will discusses about some of the important activities Web 2.0 activities, these are Blogging, Folksonomy and neighborly Bookmarking , multimedia system Sharing, Social Networking, Podcasting.1.3.1 BLOGGINGThe term web-log, or blog, was coined by Jorn Barger in 1997 and refers to a simple webpage consisting of brief paragraphs of opinion, information, personal diary entries, or links, called posts, arranged chronologically with the most new first, in the style of an online journal (Doctorow et al., 2002). Blogs are also called online diaries which enable users, without requirement of any technical skill, to create, publish and organize their own web pages that contain dated content, entries, comments, discussion etc. in sequential order (Alexander, 2006 Castenade, 2007). People can publish information which they collect from various resources and establish relation between them in blogs. Additionally RSS and the possibility to post comments make blogs also a collaborative and social-interactive software application (Petter et al., 2005). San Murugesan defines blogs a two- way web-base communication tool. Simply it is a website which is used to share thoughts and ideas to leave suggestions and comments. An entry in blog might contain text, image, or link to other blogs and web pages, and possibly the other media related to the topic. Blogs have ability to generate machine readable RSS and Atom feeds it means they could be use to distribute machine readable summaries of contents and provide the facility of inquisitory similar information from different sources (Cayzer, 2004), (Anderson, 2007).Huge number of internet users involved in blogging and they are operating in their own environment. As technology has become more sophisticated, bloggers have begun to incorporate multimedia into their blogs and there are now photo-blogs, video blogs (vlogs), and, increasingly, bloggers can upload material directly from their mobile phones (Anderson, 2007).There are different types and categories of blogs. Such as Arts, Business, Computers and Technology, Education, Entertainment, Food, History, Law, Libraries, Music, Personal, Political, Regional, Sports and finally Web. Blogging software allows three levels of privacy password-protected most private blog users blog service listed blog most public blog and will be easily found by search engines. An unlisted blog neither fully private nor fully public. Unlisted blog cannot be found without knowing the URL. It could be public only if it contain a link and someone eventually click that link this way these blogs picked by search engines. Since most blogs contain links that anyone might click on, unlisted blogs are not secure, although they may remain relatively invisible if they link to sites that few people access and if the links are not activated (Nardi et al., 2004).Blogging is well known activity which used for online debate and discussions, shared editing, personal communication and networking. In ground of groups, it allows various authors or writers to communicate with others to present their views, opinions and to write f or teams, groups and group work.1.3.2 FOLKSONOMY/TAGGING AND SOCIAL BOOKMARKINGA tag is a keyword that is added to a digital object (e.g. a website, show up or video clip) to describe it, but not as part of a formal classification system. One of the first large-scale applications of tagging was seen with the introduction of Joshua Schacters del.icio.us website, which launched the social bookmarking phenomenon (Anderson, 2007). In web 2.0 Folksonomy as a social web service provide facility to users to save and organise online their bookmarks with social annotations or tags. These are extravagantly quality descriptors of web pages topics and good indicators of web users interests (Xu, et al., 2004).Social book marking systems share number of common features (Millen et al., 2005), they also provide the facility of tagging these bookmarks and unlike tralatitious browser-base bookmarks they can be belong more that one category. Tagging is far more beyond then web site bookmarking. Ser vices like Flicker (photos), YouTube (video) and Odeo (podcasts) allow a variety of digital artefacts to be socially tagged (Anderson, 2007). Users contribute not only in posts and articles but also in from of tags which form the metadata of the content which provide valuable information in content search. It also brings benefits of semantic web to current websites which create collaborative tagging or Folksonomy. Del.icio.us is good example of astray accepted and collaboratively created tags, contend creation and blogging (Subramanya Liu, 2008).Social bookmarking systems provide a clear incentive for users to participate (Farrell et al., 2007). The idea of tagging has been expanded to include what are called tag clouds groups of tags (tag sets) from a number of different users of a tagging service, which collates information about the frequency with which particular tags are used (Anderson, 2007).1.3.3 MULTIMEDIA SHARING According to Paul Anderson (2007) multimedia sharing is one of the biggest growth areas amongst services. Well known examples are YouTube which provide video storage and sharing Flicker for photographs and Odeo for Podcasts. These services provide writable facility which at the akin time makes users as a consumers and initiate active participation and production of web contents. There are million of people participating in sharing and exchange of these types of media by producing their own podcasts, videos and photos. This development was made possible thorough widespread adoption of high quality and low cost media technology. Such as mobile devices which provide high quality video capturing and photography facility, camcorders with huge storage capability.Refrences1 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and behavioural Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 2 Mason, R. Rennie, F. 2007, Using Web 2.0 for learning in the community, The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 10, no. 3 , pp. 196-203. 3 Beldarrain, Y. 2006, Distance Education Trends. Distance Education 27(2), 139-153.4 Murugesan, S. 2007, Understanding Web 2.0. IT Pro. Vol. July/August 2007. P. 34-41.5 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 6 OReilly, T. 2005, Web 2.0 Compact translation? Published by OReilly Radar Author Tim O Reilly on hand(predicate) online at http//radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/10/web_20_compact_definition.html7 Smith, A. 2009, Web 2.0 and Official Statistics The UK Perspective Available online at http//www.statssa.gov.za/isi2009/ScientificProgramme/IPMS/0146.pdf8 Lewis, D. 2006, What is web 2.0?. Crossroads 13, 1 (Sep. 2006), 3-3. http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1217666.12176699 Zucker, D. F. 2007, What Does AJAX Mean for You?, ACM Interactions, Sept-Oct, 2007, pp 10-12.10 Pilgrim, C. J. 2008, Improving the usability of web 2.0 applications. In transactions of the Ni neteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and hypermedia system (Pittsburgh, PA, USA, June 19 21, 2008). HT 08. ACM, New York, NY, 239-240. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1379092.137914411 Cormode, G. Krishnamurthy, B. 2008, Key Differences between Web1.0 and Web2.0 Available online at http//www2.research.att.com/bala/papers/web1v2.pdf12 Brin, S. Page, L.1998, The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst., 30(1-7)107-117.13 Kinsella, S., Budura, A., Skobeltsyn, G., Michel, S., Breslin, J. G., and Aberer, K. 2008, From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and back - how did your grandma use to tag?. In Proceeding of the 10th ACM Workshop on Web information and Data Management (Napa Valley, California, USA, October 30 30, 2008). WIDM 08. ACM, New York, NY, 79-86. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458502.145851614 Gibson, B. 2007. Enabling an accessible web 2.0. In transactions of the 2007 international Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4a) (Banff, Canada, May 07 08, 2007). W4A 07, vol. 225. ACM, New York, NY, 1-6. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1243441.124344215 Adebanjo, D. Michaelides, R. 2009. Analysis of Web 2.0 enabled e-clusters A case study, Technovation, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.16 Sabin, M. and Leone, J. 2009. IT education 2.0. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Sig-information Technology Education (Fairfax, Virginia, USA, October 22 24, 2009). SIGITE 09. ACM, New York, NY, 91-99. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1631728.163175617 Wigand, R. T., Benjamin, R. I., and Birkland, J. L. 2008. Web 2.0 and beyond implications for electronic commerce. In Proceedings of the 10th international Conference on Electronic Commerce (Innsbruck, Austria, August 19 22, 2008). ICEC 08, vol. 342. ACM, New York, NY, 1-5. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409540.140955018 CAYZER, S. 2004. semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press.19 Nardi, B. A., Schiano, D. J., and Gumbrecht, M. 2004. Blogging as social activity, or, would you let 900 million people read your diary?. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Chicago, Illinois, USA, November 06 10, 2004). CSCW 04. ACM, New York, NY, 222-231. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.103164320 Anderson21 Murugesan22 Xu, S., Bao, S., Fei, B., Su, Z., and Yu, Y. 2008. Exploring folksonomy for personalized search. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual international ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in information Retrieval (Singapore, Singapore, July 20 24, 2008). SIGIR 08. ACM, New York, NY, 155-162. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1390334.139036323 Subramanya, S. B. and Liu, H. 2008. Socialtagger collaborative tagging for blogs in the long tail. In Proceeding of the 2008 ACM Workshop on Search in Social Medi a (Napa Valley, California, USA, October 30 30, 2008). SSM 08. ACM, New York, NY, 19-26. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458583.1458588 24 Farrell, S., Lau, T., Nusser, S., Wilcox, E., and Muller, M. 2007. Socially augmenting employee profiles with people-tagging. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology (Newport, Rhode Island, USA, October 07 10, 2007). UIST 07. ACM, New York, NY, 91-100. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1294211.1294228 25 Siersdorfer, S. and Sizov, S. 2009. Social recommender systems for web 2.0 folksonomies. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (Torino, Italy, June 29 July 01, 2009). HT 09. ACM, New York, NY, 261-270. Available online at http//doi.acm.org/10.1145/1557914.155795926 MILLEN, D., FEINBERG, J., KERR, B. 2005. Social Bookmarking in the enterprise. ACM Queue, Nov 2005. Available online at http//www.acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Contentpa=show pagepid=344 last accessed 2/02/10.Apendix 1.0DATENUMBER OF USERS% WORLD POPULATIONINFORMATION SOURCEDecember, 199516 millions0.40%IDCDecember, 199636 millions0.90%IDCDecember, 199770 millions1.70%IDCDecember, 1998147 millions3.60%C.I.AlmanacDecember, 1999248 millions4.10%Nua Ltd.March, 2000304 millions5.00%Nua Ltd.July, 2000359 millions5.90%Nua Ltd.December, 2000361 millions5.80%Internet World StatsMarch, 2001458 millions7.60%Nua Ltd.June, 2001479 millions7.90%Nua Ltd.August, 2001513 millions8.60%Nua Ltd.April, 2002558 millions8.60%Internet World StatsJuly, 2002569 millions9.10%Internet World StatsSeptember, 2002587 millions9.40%Internet World StatsMarch, 2003608 millions9.70%Internet World StatsSeptember, 2003677 millions10.60%Internet World StatsOctober, 2003682 millions10.70%Internet World StatsDecember, 2003719 millions11.10%Internet World StatsFebruary, 2004745 millions11.50%Internet World StatsMay, 2004757 millions11.70%Internet World StatsOctober, 2004812 millions12.70%Intern et World StatsDecember, 2004817 millions12.70%Internet World StatsMarch, 2005888 millions13.90%Internet World StatsJuly, 2005939 millions14.60%Internet World StatsSeptember, 2005957 millions14.90%Internet World StatsNovember, 2005972 millions15.20%Internet World StatsDecember, 20051,018 millions15.70%Internet World StatsMarch, 20061,022 millions15.70%Internet World StatsJune, 20061,043 millions16.00%Internet World StatsSeptember, 20061,066 millions16.40%Internet World StatsDecember, 20061,093 millions16.70%Internet World StatsMarch, 20071,129 millions17.20%Internet World StatsJune, 20071,173 millions17.80%Internet World StatsSept, 20071,245 millions18.90%Internet World StatsDec, 20071,319 millions20.00%Internet World StatsMarch, 20081,407 millions21.10%Internet World StatsJune, 20081,463 millions21.90%Internet World StatsDecember, 20081,574 millions23.50%Internet World StatsMarch, 20091,596 millions23.80%Internet World StatsJune, 2009

Case Study on Adolescent Depression

Case Study on Adolescent impressionThis case ask concerns a teenage religious service enforcer whom we shall refer to using a pseudo name, Katie, to maintain confidentiality in line with the nurse midwifery Council Code of Conduct (NMC, 2015). Katie suffers from a comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and depressive disorder, and the focus of case study is on thedepression component. Managing and treating depression has proved to be sometimes difficult for both practitioners and diligents due to its multi-dimensional aetiology which is attributed to a combination of biological, environ amiable and personal factors. Its partake is equally challenging as it usually associated with poor disease control, adverse health outcomes and quality of life impairment (Andreoulakis, Hyphantis, Kandylis, Iacovides, 2012).The case study will explore pathophysiological and psychological perspectives in the aetiology of depression. The verifiable of the survey is to undertake a systematic e nquiry (Holloway, Wheeler, 2010). Using a real earth situation to gain a deeper understanding of the situation to try and solve a job and improve the current situation (Aitken Marshall, 2007).The utility of cognitive demeanour Therapy (CBT) is discussed as the discussion that was prescribed for Katie. The rationale is that CBT is relevant to the assessment outcomes and the symptoms presented by Katie.The GP referral to the Community kind Health Team rural beas that Katie is a 16-year-old enthusiastic teenager, who is in full-time education and savours extramural activities in school and in addition enjoys socialising. Recently Katie was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and prescribed insulin pump therapy. Following this diagnosis, Katie became remarkably withdrawn from friends and family, with expressions of hopelessness and low self-esteem. She has lost interest in the activities that she has been enjoying in her life. Her GP diagnosed depression. The condition has been getting worse and persistent for three weeks, putting a signifi backsidet lead on her parents, including two siblings who live with her. The GP concluded the case warranted specialist attention and referred Kate to the Community Mental Health Team.Katies referral notes suggested that her depression should be assessed further due to deterioration in her cordial health. The assessment highlighted significant depression symptoms much(prenominal) as poor sleeping patterns, burthen loss, burdensomeness, constant touching of sadness (National give for Health and Care Excellence, 2016). Also, self- loathing, insomnia, omit of energy, irritable mood, physical pains and a gloomy outlook on life including diminished pleasure in sweet activities were the contemporary (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2016). The symptoms are likely to force on the ability to cope, personal relationships and the general quality of life (Pryjmachuk, 2011). To determine the severi ty of Katies rational health, the Registered Nursing Practitioner took the lead in completing a Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) with Katie. Katie scored as having major depression. This self-reporting tool is critical in aiding practitioners to bear depression as it can be apply to monitor, diagnose, and measure the severity of depression (Wu, 2014). The risk of harm is critical to the assessment of depression (NICE, 2016). Studies show that mental disorders are present in 90% of suicide cases in the UK, with depression found in 60% of the cases (Centre for Suicide Research, 2012). Hence, Katie was assessed on the risk of self-harm. However, she did not state any thoughts or actions of self-harm or suicide attempts. Due to the severity and the diverse nature of her symptoms an appointment was arranged for Katie to see the team Psychiatrist. Katie agreed to the decision. This led to the intervention discussed later in the essay.Katies symptoms include loss of appetite, and t here is substantial evidence that links eating disorders with depression, especially among young females (Allen, Crosby, Oddy, Byrne, 2013). As pointed out by Allen et al. (2013) alimentation disorders can lead to over eating, which contributes to some opposite problems such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, Loss of appetite can lead to malnutrition, Loss of weight and fatigue. Eating problems also lead to stomach aches, cramps and constipation (Allen et al. 2013). Literature also shows that depression is linked to nearly every other physical and mental illness, as according to the joint report (Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009). Also, there is sufficient of evidence that physical illness disturbs our feelings and thinking, just as social, and personal melodic line can cause ill health (Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009). Also, other diseases can trigger stress and onset depression, as is the case with Katie who got depressed after a diagnosis of diabetes. Oladeji Gureje (2013) suggest that patients can be caught in a vicious circle in which depression contributes to other present conditions and vice versa.Conceptualising the pathophysiology of depression is do complicated by the fact that while the majority of patients respond to pharmacological interventions such as antidepressants, some patients remain partially or wholly insensitive to drugs (Cryan, Leonard, 2010).In these illustrations, there are individual differences in the manifestation of depression that cannot be addressed in current drug regimes. It follows that treatment for depression need to be observed according to how each patients solution to treatment(Andersson, Cuijpers, 2008).And this should result centering in formulating Katies care plan in this study. However, there is research evidence that links depression for the maintenance of the homoeostasis and stress levels (Leonard, 2005 Crya n, Leonard, 2010). Stress is often surface-defined as a state of real or perceived threat to homoeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The homoeostasis process function is to provide the essential balance and stability in the proboscis systems to enable cells to sustain life (Clancy, McVicar, 2011).Stress to the homoeostasis will activate stress response to provide the required body function balance (Leonard, 2005). Critically to the depression paradigm, the stress response mechanism is mediated by multiple responses that involve the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems, which are collectively cognise as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) (Cryan, Leonard, 2010). Changes that happen to the HPA and the immune system as a result of chronic stress can trigger anxiety and depression (Leonard, 2005). Depression is also ascribed to imbalances that arise in the brain about serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine (Charney, Feder Nestler, 2009).Evidence suggests that the physiological functions that are mediated by neurotransmitter serotonin include sleep, aggression, eating, inner behaviour and mood (Nutt, Demyttenaere, Janka, Aarre, Bourin, Canonico, Stahl, 2007). All these symptoms are much dominant in most depression cases, and indeed symptoms such as insomnia, loss of appetite undergo by Katie. Research also suggests that reduced production of serotonergic neurones that make serotonin has an impact on mood states and contributes to depression (Nutt et al. 2007). However, several lines of evidence suggest that neurotransmitter dopamine is twisting in motivating that drives to seek reward and pleasure, and it is believed low levels on this transmitter play a role when depressed stack cease to enjoy activities that they enjoyed in the past (Charney et al. 2009). Katie had been a vibrant juvenile and lost all the passion for passion when she was diagnosed with depression. Research suggests antidepressants play a role in astir(p) neurotransmitter imbalance s (Anderson, 2013). However, in the case of Katie, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE (2017), recommends that antidepressants should be used in young people and children only after choice therapies have been considered.The psychological impact of depression on the patient is concern with the patients concepts of self, how they conceptualise their illness and the world around them (Barlow, 2014). It is quite critical as this impact on behaviour and treatment outcomes (Sanders Hill, 2014). Above all, an analysis of Katies symptoms and assessment suggest there are significant psychological issues. The symptoms that relate to behaviour include lack of motivation as shown by poor school work and lack of interest in social events that she enjoyed before. She is no longer taking responsibility for occasional actions and routines. Katies care plan and treatment should aim to address this. There are also symptoms that relate to self. She felt continuously sad about he r present condition, resulting in emergency visits to her GP. In other words, Katie may have felt a loss of status and purpose, having become remarkably withdrawn from friends and family, she was not able to keep back a sense of confidence in her the future. Some of Katies psychological concerns can be addressed within the Community Mental Health Team workings with other paids and Katies Care-Coordinator, and also with Katies family. The support of family and friends could be mobilised to give emotional, spiritual and financial assistance, with her family assuming an influential ever-changing role and responsibilities when one person is ill (Washington Leaver, 2009). The motivation for Katies to participate in daily activities could be initiated by working with the Occupational Therapy to engage in activities at the community centre.Sanders and Hill (2014) examined the psychological impact of depression, in so far as it is conceptualised by the patient, as grounded in the concep t of self. They assert that the idea of self is concerned with perceptions and awareness of being, the pattern of perceptions, which is also concerned with consequences for personality and change (Sanders Hill, 2014). Also, a well-functioning self-characterised by assimilation and ability to respond to new experiences. However, a good self-process can become impeded by other impaired person -processes such as intrusive thoughts and any other perceptions that pose a threat and target the self (Sanders Hill, 2014). Threats to the self, which can be indispensable or external, can culminate in patterned restrictions on perceptions and response which is configured as depression expressed in symptoms such as permeative feelings of negativity (Sanders and Hill, 2014). This conceptualisation encapsulates Katies perception of herself as Katie could still enjoy her life only if she could change her perception of herself. Katies intervention needs to focus on changing her perception of hers elf.Specifically, the Nursing process involves identification of priorities as well as the determination of appropriate patient-specific outcomes and arbitration, thus determine the urgency of the identified problem and prioritising the patients needs (Ackley, Ladwig, 2013). In other words, mutual goal setting, along with symptom, pattern, recognition and triggers, will help prioritise interventions and determine which intervention is going to provide the greatest impact (Ackley, Ladwig, 2013). Heeramun-Aubeeluck, Luo, (2012) assert that collaborative care, behavioral interventions, and psycho-education are helpful in encouraging patients to maintain treatment and enhance psychological well-being and quality of life. The intervention elect for Katie in this case study is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). CBT can be accessed through referral to Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). CBT is supported by NICE (2017), and also various government publications over the y ears have recommended the use of CBT such as No Health without Mental Health (Department of Health, 2011) and Talking Therapies. CBT is concerned with how people think (cognition), how they feel (emotion) and how they act (behaviour) (Daniels, 2015). CBT is psychoeducational and focused on changing the way people conceptualise illness to influence their behaviour and attitude (Daniels, 2015). The objective of cognitive processing is to examine patients thoughts and help them to learn the skills of acknowledging negative thoughts, often referred to as negative automatic thoughts (NATs). They will then be able to re-evaluate these ideas using an objective framework, and this can involve using approach to gathering evidence for the validity of ideas, such as proof against and for, surveys, or asking a trusted other (Grist, 2011). The rationale for CBT in this study is that its characteristics as a therapy would be helpful to address Katies symptoms and profile, as mostly the symptoms t hat impact on her quality of life are of cognitive and behavioural nature.Equally important, a problem-solving approach will be adopted to structure and organise Katies nursing care and treatment. Katie will be involved in the whole process to empower her in her care plan through a person-centred approach and intervention that is evidence-based. Evidence-based interventions are practices or programs that have peer-reviewed, document empirical evidence of effectiveness. Evidence-based interventions use a continuum of activities, strategies, integrated policies, and services whose effectiveness has been verified or informed by research and evaluation (National Resources Centre for Mental Health Promotion Youth Violence Prevention, 2017).Gulanick Myers (2016) contend that intervention is a basis for excellence in nursing practice, which includes correctly identifying existing needs, as well as recognising potential needs or risk, planning, delivering care in own fashion to address actual and prospective needs as well as evaluating the effectiveness care. More importantly, nurses must be able to work autonomously with confidence with significant others, such as families, friends, and carers to ensure Katies needs are met, including self-care arrangement (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015). Besides, as the name suggests, CBT comprises distinct therapy approaches that the address either the cognitive or the behavioural aspects associated with mood disorders, including depression. In CBT cognitive and behavioural approaches can be used in combination or unilaterally (Dobson Dozois, 2009).The behavioural perspective in CBT looks at the surroundings and behaviour of the patient. Depressive symptoms are attributed to a decrease in environmental reward, reinforcementof depressive reactions and avoiding alternative actions that facilitate good health (Hopko, Lejuez, Lepage, Hopko, McNeil, 2003). The behavioural perspective to depression underpinned by the works o f Lewisohn (1974), who concluded that the pleasure obtained through interaction with ones environment increases the likelihood of a rewarding behaviour. Further, change in the environment could result in deficient response-contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR) which directly contributes to depression (Dobson Dozois, 2009). Dobson Dozois, (2009) highlights Response-Contingent affirmative Reinforcement as positive or pleasurable effects deriving from the behaviour of a person within their environment and the likelihood of increasing such conduct. Behavioural Activation therapy has proved to be useful in addressing deficient RCPR and improving mood and thoughts. This treatment focuses on availing activities that support environmental reinforcement (Hopko et al. 2003). twain the cognitive and the behavioural components of treatment would benefit Katie. Sheldon (2011) contends that CBT is a therapeutic approach that involves talks and conferences. In this therapy, the patients are involved in discussions, and they express their feelings, behaviours and thoughts to a CBT professional during the initial assessment (Sheldon, 2011). Kassel (2016)asserts the value of CBT as a therapy that teaches individuals how to think and react to certain stressful situations appropriately and can be used for some crossways a range of disorders including phobias, schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and relationship difficulties. When embarking on CBT interventions, the therapist uses information collected from an interview the patient in this case, it would be with Katie and guides her through a description of the CBT model of depression as it applies to her profile and symptoms (Kassel, 2016). Also, general models of how thoughts, moods, behaviours, and physical sensations interact are discussed, enabling identification of a model as it relates to the patients life. some(prenominal) lines of evidence suggest that CBT is one of the most effective t reatments when anxiety and depression present as the primary symptoms (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2009). Further, CBT helps to make sense of a profound problem by breaking it down into smaller bits (Kassel, 2016). The National Centre for Biotechnology Information (2012) highlights that a combination therapy consisting of medical drugs and CBT has been establishing to be more efficient when that when medical specialty is used alone in patients with more severe, recurrent or chronic forms of depression in the acute treatment phase. However, as highlighted by RCP (2009) CBT does not a quick fix, and if the patient is feeling depressed, it will be difficult to concentrate on getting them propel. Further, CBT courses can last for six weeks to sixths months depending on the type of problem, and how motivated the patient is on engaging. CBT offers some significant advantages as an alternative therapy. Given all that has been mentioned so far, it is evident that CBT has considerable influence on the disease burden of depression as the treatment is safe and cheap (RCP, 2009). Also, it can administer as a self-help programme. CBT is now also delivered online, however, the quality of these trails is not always right wing (Andersson, Cuijpers, 2008). RCP (2009) notes that some research suggests that CBT may be better than antidepressant at preventing depression relapses. However, it is necessary for the patient to keep practising their CBT skills, even after they are feeling betterCONCLUSIONThe two dominant approaches to conceptualising and treating depression that is the physiological perspective and psychological perspective, offer plausible concepts in understanding the aetiology of depression, yet the patient may attach different conceptualization of the illness, which results from the idea of the self. The idea of the self is quite critical in treatment outcomes in so far as it mediates changes in cognition and behaviour. However, it has not yet been clearly established how the perspectives interact to cause depression symptoms. This case study highlights that when treating depression, it is essential to carefully monitor the response to treatment as some people will not respond to available therapies. Further, as some people dont respond to treatment, there is a herd of research that needs to be done to understand how antidepressants work in different people entirely. Finally, cognitive behavioural therapy has numerous benefits for patients, including, decreased psychological distress, ameliorate pain management, increasing self-efficacy, execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations, better quality of life and function.ReferencesAckley, B. J., Ladwig, G. B. (2013). Nursing diagnosis handbook An evidence-based guide to planning care (10th ed.). St. Louis, Mocapital of the United Kingdom Elsevier MosbyAllen, K. L., Crosby, R. D., Oddy, W. H., Byrne, S. M. (2013). Eating disorder symptomTrajectories in adole scence Effects of time, participant sex, and early adolescentdepressive symptoms. journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 32. doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-32Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P. (2008). Pros and cons of online cognitive-behavioural therapy. The British Journal of Psychiatry The Journal of Mental Science, 193(4), 270.Anderson, I. (2013). How do antidepressants work? British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(1), 41-41. doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.100669Aitken, L. M., Marshall, A. P. (2007). Writing a case study Ensuring a meaningful contribution to the literature. Australian Critical Care, 20(4), 132-136. doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2007.08.002Andreoulakis, E., Hyphantis, T., Kandylis, D., Iacovides, A. (2012). Depression in diabetes mellitus A comprehensive review. Hippokratia, 16(3), 205.Barlow, D. H. (Ed.). (2014). Clinical handbook of psychological disorders A step-by-step treatment manual. Guilford Publications.Centre for Suicide Research (2012) legal opinion of suicide risk in people with depression. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford. Retrieved from http//cebmh.warne.ox.ac.uk/csr/clinicalguide/docs/Assessment-of-suicide-riskclinical-guide.pdfCharney, D. S., Feder, A., Nestler, E. J. (2009). Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 446-457. doi.org/10.1038/nrn2649Clancy, J., McVicar, A. (2011). Homoeostasis, part 1. homoeostasis versus homeodynamism. British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing), 20(3), 176.Cryan, J. F., Leonard, B. E. (Eds.). (2010). Depression from psychopathology to pharmacotherapy (Vol. 27). Karger medical checkup and Scientific Publishers.Daniels, S. (2015). Cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with cancer. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 6(1), 54.Dobson, K. S. and Dozois, D. J. A. (2009) Handbook of Cognitive Behavioural Therapies, 3rd Ed. New York Guilford Press.Grist, S. (2011). Exploring the role of CBT in mental health. (Cognitive behavioural therapy). capital of the United Kingdom Macmillan Publishing Ltd.Gulanick, M., Myers, J. L. (2016). Nursing care Plans Diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes (8th ed.). St. Louis, Mo London Mosby.Heeramun-Aubeeluck, A., Lu, Z., Luo, Y. (2012). Comorbidity of depression and diabetes in a nutshell. Psychology, 3(09), 787.Hopko, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Lepage, J. P., Hopko, S. D., McNeil, D. W. (2003). A brief behavioural activation treatment for depression A randomised pilot trial within an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Behaviour Modification, 27(4), 458-469. doi. doi.org/10.1177/0145445503255489.Holloway, I., Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare (3rd ed.). Oxford Wiley-Blackwell.Kassel, (2016). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Rational Emotive Therapy Rational Behaviour Therapy Rational Living Therapy Dialectic Behaviour Therapy Schema Focused Therapy. Retrieved from http//www.vnacarenewengland.org/encyclopedia/details.cfm?chunkid=101930lang=Englishdb=hltLeonard , B. E. (2005). The HPA and immune axes in stress The involvement of the serotonergic system. European Psychiatry, 20, S302-S306. doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(05)80180-4National Resources Centre for Mental Health Promotion Youth Violence Prevention (2017) Evidence-Based Interventions. American Institutes for Research. Retrieved From http//www.healthysafechildren.org/topics/evidence-based-interventionsNational Centre for Biotechnology Information, (2012). The use of cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. Retrieved from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916016/National Institute for Health and Care Excellence,(2016). Depression in adults recognition and management. Retrieved From https//www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/1-Guidancecare-of-all-people-with-depressionNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2016). Depression in adults recognition and management. Retrieved From https//www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/cha pter/IntroductionNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2016) Depression in adults recognition and management. Retrieved Fromhttps//www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/1-guidance?unlid=1368490820159920020care-of-all-people-with-depressionNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (2017) Using antidepressants in children and young people. Retrieved From https//pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/depression/using-antidepressants-in-children-and-young-peopleNational Health Service (NHS), (2016) Cognitive behavioural therapy. Retrieved from http//www.nhs.uk/conditions/cognitive-behavioural-therapy/pages/introduction.aspxNutt, D., Demyttenaere, K., Janka, Z., Aarre, T., Bourin, M., Canonico, P. L., . . . Stahl, S. (2007). The other face of depression, reduced positive affect The role of catecholamines in causation and cure. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(5), 461-471. doi.org/10.1177/0269881106069938Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2015). Professional Standards of Pract ice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives. Retrieved from https//www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdfNursing and Midwifery Council, (2015). The Code, Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. Retrieved from https//www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/nmc-publications/nmc-code.pdfNursing and Midwifery Council, (2015). Standards for pre-registration nursing education. Retrieved from https//www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/standards/nmc-standards-for-pre-registration-nursing-education.pdfOladeji, B. D., Gureje, O. (2013). The comorbidity between depression and diabetes. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(9), 390.Pryjmachuk, S. (2011). Mental health nursing An evidence-based introduction. London Los Angeles SAGE.Royal College of Psychiatrists and Royal College of General Practitioners (2009) The management of patients with physical and psychological problems in primary care a practical guide. Retrieved from ht tp//www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/pdfversion/cr152x.pdfRoyal College of Psychiatrists, (2009) improving the lives of people with mental illness. Retrieved from http//www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinformation/therapies/cognitivebehaviouraltherapy.aspxSanders, P and Hill, A. (2014) Counselling for Depression A person Centred and Experiential Approach to Practice. Sage London.Sheldon, B. (2011). Cognitive-behavioural therapy Research and practice in health and social care (2nd ed.). London Routledge.The Department of Health (2011) No Health without Mental Health. Retrieved from https//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213761/dh_124058.pdfWashington, C. M., Leaver, D. T. (2009). Principles and practice of radiation therapy (3rd ed.). Edinburgh Mosby.Wu, S. V. (2014). Rapid screening of psychological well-being of patients with chronic illness Reliability and validity test on WHO-5 and PHQ-9 scales. Depression Research and Treatment, 2014, 1-9. doi.org/10.1155/ 2014/239490

Project Management Essay example -- Business Research Papers Managing

despatch ManagementThe concept of project management is a weak yet essential part of the average work environment. Typically, this process is overlooked by the average person, and its function within academic, business, and research environments is essential to the development of products, theories, and success. The judgment behind project management is to separate a group of people, small or large depending on the size of the company, and focus their efforts on a intent or project. Each company or organization has a different methodology when it comes to arranging their project management group. However, these organizations usually follow a core set of ideas or concepts that have been proven successful in the development of goals. Two factors contribute to the overall goals of a project management team, soulfulness skills on the team and the process by which those skills are applied.To begin a discussion about project management, it is good to break down the separate part of the organization and look at the necessary skills for successful project managers. Each company has specific qualities which a candidate for employment should possess. For example, the International Health political economy Association recently posted a job position for a project manager online. Some of the required responsibilities are as follows Understand thickening requirementsSupervise data collection and analysisEvaluate dataDevelop findings and recommendations which are appropriate to client requirements (IHEA 2004). Another emphasis, which seems to be the same across some(prenominal) job postings, is an ability to participate in the international market. In the current global business world, very few large companies or organizations limit their resear... ...ach various(prenominal) project is vital to achieve success in the business world.Works CitedCanadian Institute for Health Information. Project Manager, Health Services Research. Online http//secure.cihi.ca/ cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=career_projmanHSR_e. July 26, 2004.Covance. Job Description. Online http//www.sciencejobs.com/ listen/ViewJob-eur2285.html. July 26, 2004.International Health Economics Association. Senior Associate/Project Manager, Health Economics and Outcomes. Online http//www.healtheconomics.org/jobs/2004/08/15/senior-associateproject-m.html. July 26, 2004.Tenstep. TenStep Project Management Process. Online http//www.tenstep.com/0.0.0TenStepHomepage.htm. July 26, 2004Wideman. Project Management Plan - to - Project Plan Development Online http//www.pmforum.org/library/glossary/PMG_P12.htm. July 26, 2004

Baptism :: essays research papers

Naimoi, a good friend of mine, who lives in Bermuda did not consider baptism to be merely an option . She attended a seventh-day institution were they believe that by baptism we confess our faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and testify our death to sin and of our purpose to walk in the newness of life. For to a greater extent than a year she had eagerly studied the Bible, and longed to become a Christian. One evening she shared with her family the new information that she had learned, and they were glad for her. The time came for Naimoi to be baptised in the gravery waters. Peace filled her heart as she was baptized.The English word baptize comes from the Greek verb bapizo, which implies immersion, since it is derived from the verb bapto, meaning "to dip in or under." Baptism is simply a symbol of Christs death and resurrection. If this was not so, baptism would have had no significance as a symbol of Christs passion "if the apostolic church had pract iced a way of life of baptism other than immersion." Therefore "the strongest argument for baptism by immersion is a theological one.Baptism is virtually linked to salvation. Christ taught that "he who believes and is baptized will be saved" (Mark 1616). Even though baptism is linked to salvation it does not guarantee salvation. It brings about a newness of life, forgiveness of our sins, and our reception of the Holy Spirit. I can regain my baptism like it was yesterday. I was all excited, filled with joy and happiness. After coming from under the water, I felt like a new person. I didnt intent isolated anymore, because I became part of Christs church. Even though I was baptized didnt mean that I had reached my highest peak attainable to being a Christian. As we contract spiritually, we acquire Christian graces to be used in serving others on Gods plan of multiplication "grace and peace be multiplied to you in the friendship of God and of Jesus our Lord&quo t (2 Peter 12)We see that baptism incorporates new believers into the church with the context of "being born again." Therefore, the question is often asked if infants or children be baptized? Incorporation takes place at the "new birth," not at "infant birth." This is why believers wee baptized - "both men and woman"(Acts 812) "Nowhere in the New Testament," Karl Barth